04/14/2026
Attachment theory, first developed by John Bowlby and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation research (1978), identifies early relational experiences as the foundation for how we connect, trust, and regulate emotion in adult relationships. Research consistently shows four primary attachment styles: secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, and disorganized. The way your earliest caregivers responded to your needs — consistently, inconsistently, or not at all — literally shaped the neural pathways your brain uses to navigate closeness today (Schore, 2001; Siegel, 1999). The powerful finding from decades of research? Earned secure attachment is real. With the right relational experiences — including therapy — attachment patterns can shift. Your history isn’t your destiny. 💜