Open Access Journal of Criminology Investigation and Justice

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A complete criminal investigation can include searching, interviews, interrogations, evidence collection and preservation, and various methods of investigation.

07/19/2024

Developing a College Students’ Cyberbullying Scale
-BadaynehDM
https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJCIJ/developing-a-college-students-cyberbullying-scale.pdf

Authors: Al-Badayneh DM*

DOI: 10.23880/oajcij-16000118

Abstract: This research is an attempt to narrow the gap in cyberbullying measurement, and the purpose of this study is to develop a cyberbullying scale applicable to youth in Jordan that can be extended to Arab States. We can apply and test this scale, which offers insights for formulating policies and understanding the implications for law and security. The scale can identify conceptual constructs of cyberbullying, aid policy formation, and provide legal and security implications for youth prevention. We developed the scale in three stages: generation, refinement, and validation. We utilized a literature review and nomological network to illustrate the dimensions of the scale, their correlations, and other pertinent variables (like LSE). A sample of 1000 Tafila Technical University students found that 45.4% were males and 54.6% were females from 12 Jordanian governorates. Science colleges and arts and social colleges split the sample almost equally (49.6% vs. 50.4%), respectively. All students are using the internet, and most of them use it intensively (73%), compared to regular use (27%). About 26% of students experienced bullying, 27% knew about cyberbullying victims, and 24% knew about its perpetrators. The scale's 37 items spread across three factors, collectively accounting for 76.6% of the variance in youth cyberbullying, according to the findings. The first factor, labeled "self and bystander cyberbullying perpetration" (25 items), accounted for 67.5% of the variance; the second factor (9 items), "self and bystander cyberbullying victimization," was responsible for 4.7%; and the third factor (5 items), "vicarious and group perpetration and victimization cyberbullying," contributed 4.4% of the variance. Findings showed significant differences between males and females in cyberbullying (F = 4.726, α ≤0.000), with males having a higher mean of cyberbullying than females (mean = 35.9 vs. 32.7), with a variation of 1.6 vs. 1.4. Future research is required to test the scale across various educational levels and workplace settings, including teachers, police officers, and parents. Also, there is a need to test the scale on different age groups, settings, and cultures. There is a need for an atheoretical and empirical framework for understanding and preventing youth cyberbullying while promoting a more cohesive and resilient youth society.

Keywords: Scale; Youth; Cyberbullying; Jordan; Bullying; Gender

07/19/2024

Rationale behind Juvenile Delinquency in State of Uttar Pradesh in India: An Investigative Study

https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJCIJ/rationale-behind-juvenile-delinquency-in-state-of-uttar-pradesh-in-india-an-investigative-study.pdf

Authors: Ridamjeet K*

DOI: 10.23880/oajcij-16000117

Abstract: Juvenile’s rate of involving in crime has drastically increased during last few decades around the world. Inclination of children towards crime is due to many possible reasons such as family background, psychology, society, money, power and miscellaneous petty reasons. Indian criminal justice system is that which usually take action when any offence happened and will wait to happen even if they know about the post crime consequences. Today’s children are the future of tomorrow therefore efforts should be made to amend them from indulging in crime. The current study has been conducted in line to investigate the possible causes of juvenile delinquency and the most prevalent type of crimes among the juveniles of Uttar Pradesh region. Data was collected in year 2020-21 during COVID times from 61 juvenile subjects who either completed their punishments or through RTI. The study was assessed for involvement of juveniles in crime on the basis of gender ratio, age, education status, nuclear or joint family, alcoholism smoking habits, caste, religion, financial status, type of crime etc. The study outcomes reflected that large number of male is involved in crimes than females with maximum count from rural areas than urban places. Hindu’s are more in number than any other religion like Muslims, Sikhs or Christians. Teenagers from Rajput, Baniya, Jaat community juveniles are more indulged than a Scheduled Caste or other backward classes.

Keywords: : Juvenile; Forensic Medicine; Pathology; Crime; Rehabilitation

05/21/2024

The Effect of Delayed Language Acquisition on Criminal Behavior of Deaf Individuals Involved in the Criminal Justice System

https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJCIJ/the-effect-of-delayed-language-acquisition-on-criminal-behavior-of-deaf-individuals-involved-in-the-criminal-justice-system.pdf

Authors: Glasner AT*

DOI: 10.23880/oajcij-16000113

Abstract:

Research indicates that approximately 90% of pre-lingual deaf children are born to hearing parents. Further, according to the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), about 3.6% of the U.S. population, or about 11 million individuals, consider themselves deaf or have serious difficulty hearing. For many of those children born to hearing parents, they are not learning or acquiring language from their parents as their parents do not know or use sign language. Often times, these parents have been advised (mistakenly) to not learn and use sign language with their children because of the belief that signing prevents speech and mainstream inclusion. This lack of language skills can have a deleterious effect on deaf children and lead to “an impoverished or distorted relationship between parent and child. This can lead to challenging behavior in adulthood. This paper will explore the nexus between language deprivation/delayed language development and the subsequent risk factors associated with criminal behavior.

Keywords: Language Acquisition; Language Deprivation/Delayed Language; Criminal Behavior

05/06/2024

DV Emotion Net: An Integrated Multimodal Approach for Emotion Recognition
-ComputerInteraction
https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJCIJ/dv-emotion-net-an-integrated-multimodal-approach-for-emotion-recognition.pdf

Authors: Dommeti D, Nallapati SRK and Alfaris R*

DOI: 10.23880/oajcij-16000112

Abstract:

This study introduces a novel approach to emotion recognition by amalgamating information from heterogeneous modalities, specifically audio and video. We employed techniques such as energy, zero crossing rate, and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) for audio feature extraction, which showed promising results. For video feature extraction, spatialtemporal Gaussian kernels were used to organize video frames within a linear scale space, followed by the application of a Gaussian-weighted function to the second momentum matrix for further feature extraction. The Multimodal Feature Aggregation (MFA) fusion method was employed to unify audio and video features, resulting in a comprehensive dataset. Evaluation through the Fusion of Emotion Recognition Convolutional Neural Network (FERCNN) model, supported by the "TPU VM v3-8" accelerator TPU is a Tensor Processing Unit, showcased notable performance improvements. Using the RAVDESS and CREMAD datasets, accuracies of 94.66%, 95.82%, and 94.36% in the RAVDESS dataset and 79.45%, 96.62%, and 70.14% in the CREMAD dataset for audio, video, and multimodal modalities, respectively, were achieved. These outcomes surpass the capabilities of existing multimodal systems, underscoring the efficacy of our proposed approach. Emotion recognition, particularly through multimodal means, plays a critical role in various domains, including human-computer interfaces, healthcare, legal proceedings, and entertainment. Fusing Audio and Video Modalities to Elevate Human-Computer Interaction and Intelligent System Performance is essential for enhancing communication within these domains. The proposed model is termed "DualVision EmotionNet: DV EmotionNet".

Keywords: Emotion Recognition; Multimodal System; Human-Computer Interaction; Intelligent Systems; Fusion Techniques; Emotional Context Understanding

05/06/2024

Metric Deviations between Genuine and Forged Signatures: A Mathematical Approach
-19
https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJCIJ/metric-deviations-between-genuine-and-forged-signatures-a-mathematical-approach.pdf

Authors: Sharma P, Kumar P, Bhandari D* and Sharma A

DOI: 10.23880/oajcij-16000111

Abstract:

Background: In the present study, a metric approach has been made to distinguish between genuine and forged signatures. Certain fixed points were selected and the range of variability between 14 different parameters was calculated. Our study provides mathematics-based corroborative evidence to support the opinion of Forensic Document Examiners.
Methodology: For sample collection the samples were obtained in two different sets, in set 1 subject was guided to provide their genuine signature in a continuous running hand fashion and, in set 2, two individuals consisting of a male and a female were asked to forge the sample first by un-practiced hand and then later by the practiced hand i.e. after having practiced and then forge the sample, this exercise was also performed by 50 subjects. Therefore, 500 genuine signatures of 50 subjects were taken, each subject providing 10 samples of their original writing to understand the natural variation, master pattern and range of variability and 200 samples by forging the signature; 100 samples by male subjects and 100 samples by females; inclusive of both practiced and unpractised samples and allotted them a manually calculated mathematical value. This exercise was done for every sample. All the samples belonged to the age range of 20-25 years.
Results: The study developed a scientific and reliable method to compare the practiced signature of the individual using a statistical metric deviation-based method.
Conclusion: The conclusion showed that forged signatures fail to lie within the limits of the variability of the mathematical parameters taken.

Keywords: Forensic Document Examiner; Signature Verification; Signatures; Fraud; Metric Deviation

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