INBDE Exam Solution

01/08/2026

🦷 Save a Life: Mastering the Features of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) 🦷

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma accounts for the vast majority of oral malignancies, and its presentation can be deceptively varied.

We’ve broken down the essential clinical and radiographic features from our latest infographic for a quick revision. 👇

🧐 1. The Many Faces of OSCC (Clinical Forms)
Don't just look for one type of lesion. OSCC can present as:

* Exophytic: A mass-forming, often fungating growth.

* Endophytic: An invasive, non-healing ulcer with characteristic indurated (rolled) borders.

* Color Changes: It can appear as a white patch (Leukoplakic), a red patch (Erythroplakic), or a mixed red-and-white lesion.

🎯 2. High-Risk Zones & The "Mimicry" Trap

* Prime Locations: Always carefully inspect the lateral/ventral borders of the tongue and the floor of the mouth—these are the most common intraoral sites.

* Don't Get Fooled: Gingival and alveolar ridge carcinomas are notorious for mimicking benign inflammatory conditions like gingivitis, periodontitis, or pyogenic granulomas. If it doesn't heal after standard therapy, biopsy it.

💀 3. Invasive & Radiographic Clues
Look deeper than the mucosa:

* Bone involvement: On radiographs, look for a "moth-eaten" appearance with ragged, ill-defined margins indicating bone destruction.

* Red Flag Symptoms: Perineural invasion can cause paresthesia/numbness. Also, watch for dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and referred otalgia (ear pain).

🦠 4. The Oropharyngeal Connection (HPV)

* Lesions located in the oropharynx (base of tongue, tonsillar region) have a different etiology and prognosis.

* These are frequently associated with high-risk HPV infection.

* Key Marker: p16 overexpression on immunohistochemistry acts as a surrogate marker for transcriptionally active HPV infection.

💡 Golden Rule for Dental Students: Any single lesion that persists for more than 2 weeks after removing possible local irritants requires immediate investigation and biopsy. Maintain a high index of suspicion!

📲 Save this post for your next pathology rotation and tag a batchmate to help them revise!

01/08/2026

CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY: MUST-KNOW TERMS (EXAM READY!)

📌 Cardiac Output (CO)
➡️ Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
🧮 CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
💡 Normal ≈ 5 L/min

📌 Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
➡️ Resistance offered by systemic blood vessels
⬆️ Vasoconstriction → ↑ TPR
⬇️ Vasodilation → ↓ TPR

📌 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
➡️ Average pressure in arteries during one cardiac cycle
🧮 MAP = DBP + ⅓ (SBP − DBP)
💡 Reflects tissue perfusion

📌 Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
➡️ Maximum arterial pressure during ventricular contraction
💡 Normal ≈ 120 mmHg

📌 Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
➡️ Minimum arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation
💡 Normal ≈ 80 mmHg

📌 ECG Waves – Quick Recall ⚡
🔹 P wave → Atrial depolarization
🔹 QRS complex → Ventricular depolarization
🔹 T wave → Ventricular repolarization

🎯 Exam Tip:
MAP depends more on DBP than SBP — a favorite exam trick!

⸻

📚 Perfect for: INBDE | ADAT | AFK | Medical & Dental Physiology
✨ Save • Share • Revise Smart

01/06/2026

🚨 ASA Physical Status Classification – Simplified for Dental Students & Professionals 🚨

Understanding the ASA classification is essential for safe patient management during surgical and dental procedures. ✅

🔹 ASA I – Normal healthy patient
🔹 ASA II – Mild systemic disease (e.g., controlled DM/HTN, obesity, pregnancy, smoker)
🔹 ASA III – Severe systemic disease with functional limitations (e.g., poorly controlled DM/HTN, COPD, ESRD on dialysis, history of MI/CVA)
🔹 ASA IV – Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life (e.g., recent MI, stroke, ongoing cardiac ischemia, severe valve dysfunction)
🔹 ASA V – Moribund patient not expected to survive without the operation (e.g., massive trauma, ruptured aneurysm, intracranial bleed with mass effect)
🔹 ASA VI – Declared brain-dead patient (organ donor)

📌 Knowing the ASA status helps clinicians assess risks, plan anesthesia, and improve patient safety!

👉 Tip for Students Preparing for INBDE, AFK & ADAT: ASA classification is a high-yield topic—make sure you master it for exams and clinical practice!

01/06/2026

🦷 Oral Pathology Lesions: A Systematic Overview

Oral pathology lesions represent a significant component of dental licensure examinations and clinical diagnosis. Accurate identification requires a structured assessment of clinical appearance, anatomical location, and associated risk factors.

Classification of Common Oral Lesions

🔹 White Lesions
• Leukoplakia
• Oral Lichen Planus
• Pseudomembranous Candidiasis

🔹 Red and Mixed Lesions
• Erythroplakia
• Erythroleukoplakia

🔹 Ulcerative Lesions
• Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
• Traumatic Ulcer
• Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

🔹 Pigmented Lesions
• Amalgam Tattoo
• Melanotic Macule
• Oral Melanoma

Diagnostic Considerations

• Color and surface characteristics
• Anatomical site and lesion symmetry
• Duration and patient history
• Presence of pain or induration

📌 Academic Insight:
Persistent oral lesions lasting more than 2 weeks require thorough evaluation and, when indicated, histopathological examination.

🎯 Clinical relevance + exam precision = diagnostic confidence

11/08/2024

SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CLEFT LIP PALATE PATIENTS-
Comprehensive Care Timeline
Birth-2 weeks old
Feeding evaluation with a pediatric nurse practitioner or speech-language pathologist
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4-12 weeks old
Clinic visit with cleft/craniofacial surgeon; consideration of cleft lip taping
Orthodontic visit for pre-surgical molding device, if needed

Weekly Clinic Visits for 2-3 months
Clinic visit to adjust Nasal Alveolar Molding (NAM)
Clinic visit for feeding follow up and weight checks

The First Year
Cleft lip closure 3-5 months
Speech and behavioral audiogram at approximately 8 months of age
Cleft palate closure 10-14 months, depending upon development and airway
Ear tubes may be placed at during cleft lip or palate surgeries
First panel appointment

2-5 years
Clinic visits to cleft/craniofacial surgeon at least once a year
Speech evaluation every 6 months until normal development is established
Annual hearing tests, more often if ear tubes are placed
First dental evaluation at 12-18 months
Cleft/Craniofacial Team Panel visit

School age years
Annual clinic visits to cleft/craniofacial surgeon
Speech therapy, if needed
Nasopharyngoscopy work up, if needed
Secondary palate surgery, if needed
Annual hearing tests
Phase I Orthodontics 7-9 years, if needed for alveolar bone graft surgery
Alveolar bone grafting surgery at 8-12 years, if gumline was effected by clefting
Cleft/Craniofacial Team Panel visit


Adolescent years

Cleft/Craniofacial Team visit
Phase II Orthodontics
Cleft lip scar revision, rhinoplasty, if nose was effected by clefting
Jaw advancement surgery, if needed for best jaw relationship for chewing, speech and facial profile
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11/03/2024

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03/12/2024

Ace the INBDE with these top notch questions and solutions! 🔝💯

03/05/2024

Here are some example questions you might find in the INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination):

1. Which primary tooth typically erupts first in the oral cavity?
a) Mandibular central incisor
b) Maxillary molar
c) Mandibular first molar
d) Maxillary central incisor

2. Which anatomical structure is responsible for producing saliva?
a) Parotid gland
b) Submandibular gland
c) Sublingual gland
d) All of the above

3. Which of the following is a common symptom of periodontal disease?
a) Tooth discoloration
b) Tooth mobility
c) Tooth sensitivity
d) Tooth decay

4. What is the most common cause of dental caries?
a) Poor oral hygiene
b) Consuming sugary foods and beverages
c) Genetic predisposition
d) Lack of fluoride in water

5. Which dental material is most commonly used for tooth-colored fillings?
a) Composite resin
b) Amalgam
c) Gold alloy
d) Stainless steel

6. Which of the following is NOT a type of radiographic examination used in dentistry?
a) Panoramic radiograph
b) Bitewing radiograph
c) Periapical radiograph
d) Ultrasonographic examination

7. What is the purpose of root canal treatment?
a) To extract severely diseased teeth
b) To restore the functionality of damaged teeth
c) To prevent tooth decay
d) To remove wisdom teeth

8. Which dental specialty focuses on correcting misaligned teeth and jaws?
a) Orthodontics
b) Endodontics
c) Periodontics
d) Prosthodontics

9. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing oral cancer?
a) To***co use
b) Poor nutrition
c) Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
d) All of the above

10. What is the recommended frequency for dental check-ups for most adults?
a) Every 6 months
b) Every year
c) Every 2 years
d) Only when experiencing dental pain or issues

Please note that these example questions are for illustrative purposes only and may not accurately reflect the actual content or format of the INBDE exam. It is recommended to refer to official study materials and resources provided by the American Dental Association (ADA) for comprehensive and up-to-date information on the INBDE exam.

I will be waiting for your messages so I educate you on the questions and their answer options as well as ensuring you meet the necessary standards
for safe patient care.

02/21/2024

Attention Pre-Dental Students and International Dentists!

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01/05/2024

Happy new year to

11/02/2023

Hello Everyone 👋
📌 For those taking the exam coming October/November, Remember the NBDHE exam is a challenging exam, but it is possible to pass it with last-minute reviews. Just focus on the high-yield topics and use your time wisely.
Feel free to message me so I educate you on some video lectures, practice questions, and study guides, so you prepare effectively for the exam.

Good Luck 🙏

08/05/2023

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