06/03/2025
Exploring Lower Back Anatomy and Common Pain Causes
Our go-to place for knowledge about lower back anatomy and how to manage lower back pain. In this post, we will delve into the significance of lower back anatomy, common triggers of lower back pain, strategies for prevention and management, medical interventions, and lifestyle changes for a healthier back. Understanding lower back anatomy is key to understanding the root of lower back and hip pain. Back muscles can be a cause of back pain. Explore the mechanism of back pain from weak muscles and learn about the effective strategies to strengthen your back with exercises.
The human spine is composed of 4 sections of vertebrae. These sections are:
cervical (neck)
thoracic (upper and middle back)
lumbar (lower back)
sacrum (tailbone)
The lumbar and sacrum region make up the bone of the lower back anatomy. The spinal cord is contained within the spine’s vertebrae, running through the vertebral foramen and branching out to the peripheries through the intervertebral foramen. The muscles of the low back work together with the transverse abdominal muscles to increase intra-abdominal pressure.
The lower back, also known as the lumbar region, is vital in supporting our body and enabling us to carry out various movements. Grasping the anatomy of the lower back is critical for understanding the causes and treatment of lower back pain.
The lower back structure comprises several elements, including the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, muscles, and ligaments. The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5. These vertebrae are bigger and stronger than those in other spine areas, separated by intervertebral discs that act as shock absorbers and promote flexibility.
The lower back muscles fall into two main categories: deep muscles and superficial muscles. The deep muscles, like the multifidus and transversospinalis muscles, are in charge of stabilizing the spine and maintaining proper alignment. The superficial muscles, like the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum, assist in movement and provide strength.
Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues that connect bones and stabilize joints. In the lower back, ligaments play a pivotal role in supporting the spine and preventing excessive movement. The ligaments of the lumbar spine include the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, ligamentum flavum, and interspinous and supraspinous ligaments.
The lumbar spine is the body’s foundation, supporting our weight, enabling us to stand, walk, and perform various activities. It also protects the spinal cord, which transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The complex structure of the lumbar spine allows for a balance of stability and flexibility, ensuring proper movement while minimizing injury risk.
Understanding the lower back anatomy can provide insights into the causes of lower back pain. Whether it’s due to muscle strain, herniated discs, or structural abnormalities, identifying the root causes is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further complications.
What are the 4 Upper Back Muscles?
The upper back muscles are: Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid muscles, Levator scapulae and the Trapezius.
These upper back muscles work with most of the shoulder muscles to assist in shoulder movements.
To learn more how to strengthen your core muscles to prevent back pain, please read this ARTICLE on best core exercises.
What Are the Muscles of the Lower Back?
Some of the muscles of the low back include:
Multifidus
Erector Spinae
Spinalis
Latissimus Dorsi
Labeled diagram of the lower back muscles that protect the spinal cord. If you are experiencing low back pain it could stem from these low back muscles. Rehab Lower Back Muscles
There are many back muscles which can cause pain. Please refer to the Lower Back Muscle picture below to see all of the muscles of the back.
The pelvic floor muscles also help increase this pressure, which provides stability to the spine and trunk. Common hip and back pain causes include injury to muscles from overuse, disc injury/degeneration, or spinal stenosis.
