04/13/2026
MITOCHONDRIA
The Mitochondria of the cell (a part of the cells organelles, which are of a series of small machines inside of the cell) are an interesting device that we obtained from other life forms (maybe some form of bacteria) in the
process of physical evolution millions of years ago. Mitochondria are what produce ATP. ATP is the fuel that runs the cell. As an aside:
The possibility that chemo antibiotics (Doxorubicin, Adriamycin; both commonly used) damage healthy
cell mitochondria makes sense, if the mitochondria originally came from bacteria. It is also one of the reasons for a cancer patient number 1 complaint: Fatigue). Each Mitochondria has its own set of genes (37) and its own nucleus.
Each cell varies in the amount of Mitochondria it has depending on the energy demand put on the cell.
High energy areas have higher amounts of mitochondria and in those cells Mitochondria can constitute up up to
25%of the cells volume. Two examples are liver cells which have an
average of 1000 Mitochondria per cell and heart cells which have 5000 mitochondria per cell. All mitochondria
come from the o**m not the s***m. Damage
to this area of the cell from Chemo/Radiation can be up to 10 x higher than the rest of the cell, due to
the fact that the Mitochondria has poor repair mechanisms and normally has the highest rate of free
radical production in the cell by far and in effect consumes 90% of the cells oxygen ( in the process of
producing ATP). The mitochondria has a three tiered system of producing ATP (ATP is what the cell uses
for energy): Oxidative
Phosphorylation, the Glycolytic Pathway, and the Krebs cycle. When cancer takes over the Mitochondria
of a cell , it moves toward using the Glycolytic pathway exclusively (called the Warburg Effect). The Glycolytic
pathway produces ATP the fastest, but in doing so produces a lot of waste in the process as well as
producing poor yields of ATP ( 2 molecules of ATP from 1 molecule of glucose) comparative to the Oxidative Phosphorylation( 35 molecules of ATP from 1 of glucose). The cancer uses the waste material to further its infrastructure
This is true for most cancers with the exception of early stage prostate cancers, which use fatty acids
(lipogenesis ) and Glutimate ( Glutiminosis) as fuel. Prostate cancer will eventually move to the
Glycolytic Pathways as well. Ovarian cancer switches over to this fatty acid cycle early, which is one
reasons why ovarian cancers tend to be more aggressive from the start. Most cancers will move towards
developing this Glycolytic pathway. In more advanced cancers fatty acids and glutamate can be used as
fuel rather than glucose. The glucose pathway seems the most common, in end stage cancer, where the
cancer is only using glucose and is breaking down everything to produce glucose. At this stage we are in
wasting syndrome (cachexia) and a different strategy is necessary. In general, cancer will raise glucose
and/or cholesterol levels to feed itself. Two of cancers main strengths are its ability to adapt and to take
advantage of any opportunity to advance itself.
The Glycolytic pathway produces 2 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose: Krebs cycle produces 35
molecules of ATP per glucose molecule. That cancer chooses to use the Glycolytic pathway may seem
sloppy and without intent. Cancer does nothing without intent. All the poor by products (Lactic and
Pyruvic Acid, Superoxide and Peroxide free radicals) that appears to be waste are in fact being used by
the cancer to further its own ends. No move is wasted.
On the inner layer of the Mitochondria’s cell wall we find something called BCl 2 (named after B cell
Lymphoma). One of its jobs is to keep the cell alive. When mutated (BCL 2 is mutated in 50% of all Cancers) and owned by
the cancer, it will not allow the death signal (Capase/ Cytochrome C ) to be released in order to induce cell su***de
(Apoptosis) so that the cancer cell dies. This is part of a cancer cells drive to
immortality along with an unending production of Cancer daughter cells who will try to do the same.
Normal cells produce about 40 daughter cells before they are down regulated and die (Apoptosis). Cancer cells
produce an unlimited amount of Daughter cells and will continue to live, producing yet more cancer
daughter cells. These are things that are happening within the Mitochrondria. In order to help complete this resistance there are targets upstream (Gene Sites P53, Pten) and downstream from the Mitochondria( Survivin,Hif1) that may need to be addressed. Cancer has a strategy. Things that help Mitochondrial function and Biogenesis: Adaptogens,Phenolic
Compounds, NADH, Zinc, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Coq10, Actyl L Carnitine, Creatine, B6, B12, Folic acid.