Intraoperative Neuromonitoring

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Intraoperative Monitoring Study Guide Neuromonitoring training and study guides to pass the CNIM and DABNM exams.

20-minute routine EEGs will capture seizure activity somewhere between 20-60%. Worse in comatose patients.Not great.Ther...
08/27/2025

20-minute routine EEGs will capture seizure activity somewhere between 20-60%. Worse in comatose patients.

Not great.

There's a shift happening in how we think about what a proper EEG requires.

This relatively non-expensive, non-invasive diagnostic test gives us great insights into the health of someone's brain to better treat and prognosticate.

We just need to give it a little time.



Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients
J. Claassen, S. A. Mayer, R. G. Kowalski, R. G. Emerson, L. J. Hirsch
Neurology May 2004, 62 (10) 1743-1748; DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000125184.88797.62

Reminder to surgical neurophysiologist looking to pass the   before the year runs out: take a free prep course.It's on m...
08/26/2025

Reminder to surgical neurophysiologist looking to pass the before the year runs out: take a free prep course.

It's on my website or Youtube, which you can find a link in my LinkedIn bio. 8.5 hours of content.

Good luck!

Question: does hashtag  help reduce "shoulder syndrome" in functional radical neck dissection?That's what this retrospec...
08/18/2025

Question: does hashtag help reduce "shoulder syndrome" in functional radical neck dissection?

That's what this retrospective study looked to answer for patients with laterocervical lymph nodes metastasis for thyroid cancer.

EMG + tEMG accomplished monitoring of the spinal accessory nerve using the SCM and Trap mm.

Without IONM, the surgeon is using visual inspection and intuition to avoid injuring the nerve during dissection safely.

The problem is twofold:

- inter and intra anatomy isn't consistent.
- macroscopic inspection does not reliably assess functional integrity.

The authors found a reduction in transitory injury and an elimination of permanent deficit (in their sample).

They also made the point that detecting a reduction in tEMG responses had a higher probability of deficits and early intervention/rehab allows for better recovery.

This could be an underserved patient population who would benefit from the utility of monitoring these surgeries. Another education play.



Cossa A, Sbacco V, Belloni E, Corbi L, Nigri G, Bellotti C. The role of intraoperative neuromonitoring in preventing lesions of the spinal accessory nerve during functional neck dissection. Endocrine. 2023 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03324-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36847964.

What % of a "high risk" population is enough to conclude EEG should be used to screen for seizures? 1%, 5%, 10%, 50%?Her...
08/15/2025

What % of a "high risk" population is enough to conclude EEG should be used to screen for seizures? 1%, 5%, 10%, 50%?

Here's an example that might help map to other groups.

Levy, et al found 10.7% of infants (

Hiring a mix of experienced and non-experienced clinicians for intraoperative neuromonitoring. Reach out for details on ...
08/06/2025

Hiring a mix of experienced and non-experienced clinicians for intraoperative neuromonitoring. Reach out for details on any positions you're interested in discussing. See the list below.

Open neuromonitoring positions

Los Angeles, CA

San Francisco, CA

Sacramento, CA

Bakersfield, CA

Roanoke, VA

Richmond, VA

Washington, DC

Birmingham, AL

Boston, MA

South Maine

Austin, TX

Houston, TX

Fort Collins, CO

ATL and Rome, GA

Tacoma, WA

Great Falls, MT

Nashville, TN

Chicago, IL

Indianapolis, IN

Raleigh, NC

Gainesville, FL

Jacksonville, FL

West Palm Beach, FL

Port Saint Lucie, FL

Miami, FL

Boca Raton, FL

West Palm Beach, FL - Clinical Manager

Naples, FL - Clinical Manager

Fort Lauderdale, FL

Paoli, PA

Portland, OR

Lexington, KY

"The Checklist Manifesto" was a smash hit. It uses surgery and flying planes as examples where mistakes can be avoided b...
07/31/2025

"The Checklist Manifesto" was a smash hit. It uses surgery and flying planes as examples where mistakes can be avoided by using a checklist.

It's kind of boring. And really effective.

Why is this IONM checklist better than the standard checks before starting surgery or flying a plane?

Because this is a checklist for what to do when things go sideways.

That doesn't always happen -- 10% of the time is a pretty safe estimate. So, all those involved have less experience in this situation.

And if you travel to enough places, you'll find there's a possibility that someone in the room would benefit from having this available.

Maybe it's a newer surgical neurophysiologist. Or maybe it's the anesthesiologist that just doesn't work with neuromonitoring much.

Might be a good item for a hospital or surgery center to have on hand in their rooms, as well as for the surgical neurophysiologist to keep in a folder.



Vitale, M.G., Skaggs, D.L., Pace, G.I., Wright, M.L., Matsumoto, H., Anderson, R.C., Brockmeyer, D.L., Dormans, J.P., Emans, J.B., Erickson, M.A., Flynn, J.M., Glotzbecker, M.P., Ibrahim, K.N., Lewis, S.J., Luhmann, S.J., Mendiratta, A., Richards, B.S., Sanders, J.O., Shah, S.A., Smith, J.T., Song, K.M., Sponseller, P.D., Sucato, D.J., Roye, D.P., & Lenke, L.G. (2014). Best Practices in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Spine Deformity Surgery: Development of an Intraoperative Checklist to Optimize Response. Spine Deformity, 2, 333-339.

Interesting thought here using dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials for dorsal root ganglion stimulation procedure...
07/29/2025

Interesting thought here using dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials for dorsal root ganglion stimulation procedures.

Maybe a better use of IONM for pain management cases?

Here are some potential issues that might happen:

A lot of these procedures might be done -- or could shift to in the future -- at surgery centers.

My (small) experience is TIVA is not as readily performed as it is in hospital settings for a variety of reasons.

Should that be consistent with others, it could pose a problem.

Dermatomal SSEPs tend to be smaller in amplitude, making establishing and maintaining reliable signals harder.

It's something the surgical team all needs to consider.

If you're interested in   as a career, here are the pathways to eligibility to sit for the CNIM. If you fit this criteri...
07/28/2025

If you're interested in as a career, here are the pathways to eligibility to sit for the CNIM. If you fit this criteria and are looking for on the job training, I have openings across the country I'm looking to fill.

3 simple takeaways...1. Hard to not use video for EEG when you should.2. Pt, family, and staff education by the EEG tech...
07/24/2025

3 simple takeaways...

1. Hard to not use video for EEG when you should.

2. Pt, family, and staff education by the EEG tech on do's, do not's, and document when's are critical.

3. Point of care (POC) users need to be strict on keeping the study reliable. Some environments are harder than others.

What's important information for a CNIM to relay to an oversight physician beyond the standard case info? Here're some e...
07/23/2025

What's important information for a CNIM to relay to an oversight physician beyond the standard case info? Here're some examples of information to go seek out.

This study (cited below) is an excellent resource when trying to understand risk going into the surgery. We should always be prepared, but calling out a high-risk candidate helps each team member mentally prepare for unexpected turns.

This paper makes recommendations for spinal correction surgery, looking at specific criteria, like Cobb angle, deformity angular ratio, spinal cord classification, and spinal "cord-at-risk." It notes that a full physical exam, while carrying some subjectivity, and surgical maneuvers planned pairs well with these other criteria to better tell a full story of risk.

The remote physician can use this information to better weigh their call one way or another when looking at magnitude of change, the rate of change, and the timing of change compared to what's happening surgically.

And dependent on what type of IONM changes happen, the surgeon can follow their outlined management plan.

Use this as a starting point with your clinicians, remote physicians, and surgeons and make adjustments where needed.

You won't get spoon-fed this type of material for all your case types, but it's worth the effort to put in the work.

IMO, these are the ongoing conversations you should be having.



Nielsen, C. J., Smith, J. S., Martin, A. R., Rocos, B., Jentzsch, T., Ravinsky, R. A., ... & AO Spine Knowledge Forum Deformity. (2025). Identification and Management of Neurologic Complications in Patients Undergoing Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Global Spine Journal, 15(3_suppl), 135S-147S.

Why consider using   during total mesore**al excision (TME)?- fewer patients who had TME with IONM versus those without ...
07/22/2025

Why consider using during total mesore**al excision (TME)?

- fewer patients who had TME with IONM versus those without it experienced marked urinary function deterioration at 1 year post-surgery (8% vs 19%). This is consistent with other studies (7% vs 40%).

- IONM groups were associated with a significantly reduced mean International Prostate Symptom Score after a short-term follow-up.

- electrophysiologically controlled nerve sparing also appears to be advantageous in terms of f***l incontinence at 1 year post-surgery.

- fragmented defecation occurred less frequently in the pIONM group compared with the control group (56% vs 75%). This interesting result suggests that another quite bothersome symptom of low anterior re**al resection syndrome, known as clustering, could be prevented with IONM.

- At 1 year postoperatively, the IONM group had a significantly higher mean International Index of Erectile Function in men and significantly lower severely impaired sexual function rate (Female Sexual Function Index

My guess - the majority of surgical neuropsychologist do this on MEP, not SSEP.Run multiple trains.It's been established...
07/17/2025

My guess - the majority of surgical neuropsychologist do this on MEP, not SSEP.

Run multiple trains.

It's been established for decades to run more than a single train on tcMEP in order to overcome the effects of anesthesia.

Multiple trains have been used as part of the trouble shooting protocol for harder to obtain SSEP, like at the pudendal nerve stimulation site.

But it seems to disappear from our bag of tricks for routine SSEP from the limbs.

Sure, it makes sense to consider it again when doing the saphenous nerve, since the rate of establishing a baseline is lower.

I'm not saying it should be something you start with (the image gives a hint as to why).

But I'd suggest keeping it on all your checklist. I don't see diabetes, obesity, and other confounding factors going away anytime soon.

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