Dr. John Kruse, PO Box 38, Papaaloa, HI (2026)

05/20/2026

Researchers recently found three distinct subtypes of ADHD, identifiable by biomarkers related to patterns of brain connectivity. Much of the mental health community applauded, claiming that the findings verified the current division of ADHD based on symptoms of either inattentiveness or hyperactivity. But the study actually thoroughly repudiated our current ADHD subtypes. Psychiatry appears to be behind the curve in accepting that most, if not all, of our traditional diagnoses need to be drastically revised.

Free link for non-members of Medium:
https://medium.com/invisible-illness/psychiatry-is-missing-the-boat-on-biomarkers-61caba4c5607?sk=8e5f6949c0e7ba73ec0249d46cb61156

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/psychiatry-is-missing-the-boat-on-biomarkers-61caba4c5607

Recent gains in neuroscience are likely to overthrow much of our current mental health diagnostic system.

05/13/2026

Impulsivity is an important element of ADHD, addictions, mania, and su***de. Impulsivity can entail acting before thinking, ignoring or not attending to relevant information, trouble restraining initial reactions, and poor planning for the future. A recent study of the genetic contributions to impulsivity shows that impulsivity is a collection of related and overlapping traits, and not just due to a simple, unitary brain process.

Free link for non-members of Medium:
https://medium.com/invisible-illness/go-ahead-eat-the-marshmallow-e1f95ec4492b?sk=7d6ec4af250c5882bc4e452427176af4

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/go-ahead-eat-the-marshmallow-e1f95ec4492b

Researchers are getting a stronger grasp on what impulsivity entails

05/11/2026

Weekly Q&A - 12 May 2026

Join me for my Weekly Q&A at:
https://youtube.com/live/_FVwSeQPsQI

Livestream every Tuesday at 9:00am West Coast USA / 12:00pm East Coast USA / 6:00am Hawaii / 6:00pm Central European
www.youtube.com/

Video released this week:

- Azstarys for ADHD
https://youtu.be/tnH_VpuCMfo

After a short recap of the video, I’ll be available for questions on this topic or any other related to Mental Health.

- Azstarys for ADHD:
Azstarys is a slow release form of methylphenidate containing the prodrug, serdexmethylphenidate, as well as immediate release methylphenidate. It is frequently compared to Vyvanse, a prodrug of dextroamphetamine. It differs from Vyvanse in that it does contain immediate release medication, the cleavage of the prodrug into active drug occurs in the intestines, and much more of the drug is being released throughout the night than is the case with Vyvanse. Although many individuals can tolerate it, it is much more likely to interfere with sleep than most other formulations of methylphenidate.

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You can also discuss and ask questions on my Reddit page:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Drjohnkruse

If you have ideas for additional talks, or other feedback, let me know:
drjohnkruse@gmail.com

My Medium page with hundreds of articles on Mental Health and other subjects:
https://dockruse.medium.com
Access to full articles requires paid membership.

Read writing from John Kruse MD, PhD on Medium. Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, gay father of twins, marathon runner, in Hawaii. 200+ free ADHD & mental health videos at: https://www.youtube.com/

05/06/2026

The pharmaceutical companies think that Azstarys, a slow release form of Ritalin (methylphenidate) is poised to become a block-buster in a crowded field of stimulant medications. Azstarys supplies methylphenidate in a steady fashion, avoiding an over-revved morning or withdrawal crashes late in the day. But it also delivers substantial amounts of medication throughout the night - not a recipe for the good sleep those with ADHD, or anybody for that matter, needs to be their most attentive the next day.

Free link for non-members of Medium: https://medium.com/invisible-illness/why-some-copycat-drugs-fail-b406ce304367?sk=d6d3dc55486d059797f38e1592915728

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/why-some-copycat-drugs-fail-b406ce304367

The ADHD medicine Azstarys is more likely to become a falling star than a shooting star, because it’s working when it shouldn’t.

05/04/2026

Weekly Q&A - 05 May 2026

Join me for my Weekly Q&A at:
https://youtube.com/live/5bEMF5dfoX0

Livestream every Tuesday at 9:00am West Coast USA / 12:00pm East Coast USA / 6:00am Hawaii / 6:00pm Central European
www.youtube.com/

Video released this week:

- Agomelatine for ADHD
https://youtu.be/WWBdYBlx7ag

After a short recap of the video, I’ll be available for questions on this topic or any other related to Mental Health.

- Agomelatine for ADHD:

Agomelatine is an antidepressant available in Europe and Australia, but not the US, despite evidence that it is as effective as other antidepressants, with lower likelihood of side effects. While it can cause an elevation in liver enzymes, potential serious liver problems are generally prevented by routine blood testing. Agomelatine activates the two melatonin receptors involved in propagating circadian signals throughout the body and brain; it also has serotonin 2C blocking properties. A small amount of research indicates that individuals with ADHD may show symptom reduction while taking agomelatine.

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You can also discuss and ask questions on my Reddit page:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Drjohnkruse

If you have ideas for additional talks, or other feedback, let me know:
drjohnkruse@gmail.com

My Medium page with hundreds of articles on Mental Health and other subjects:
https://dockruse.medium.com
Access to full articles requires paid membership.

Read writing from John Kruse MD, PhD on Medium. Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, gay father of twins, marathon runner, in Hawaii. 200+ free ADHD & mental health videos at: https://www.youtube.com/

04/29/2026

The antidepressant agomelatine has been on the market in Europe and Australia for a decade and a half, and is close to generating a billion dollars a year in sales - yet is unavailable in the US. Agomelatine has a unique mode of action, on melatonin receptors, and dozens of studies, including head to head comparisons, show it to be as effective and considerably more tolerable than most other antidepressants. Existing programs monitoring for liver problems have been successful in avoiding bad outcomes. Taking over the counter melatonin only replicates part of what agomelatine does - but might be the closest for now, that Americans can do to replicate the success of agomelatine for treating depression and anxiety.

Free link for non-members of Medium: https://medium.com/invisible-illness/the-antidepressant-americans-should-know-about-c12e70e511ba?sk=01bda94909d77ba5d450e8f6981f4ddf

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/the-antidepressant-americans-should-know-about-c12e70e511ba

Is agomelatine really effective? Or safe? And what about melatonin?

04/27/2026

Weekly Q&A - 28 Apr 2026

Join me for my Weekly Q&A at:
https://youtube.com/live/FFmEqO6mm-I

Livestream every Tuesday at 9:00am West Coast USA / 12:00pm East Coast USA / 6:00am Hawaii / 6:00pm Central European
www.youtube.com/

Video released this week:
- Local Sleep and ADHD
https://youtu.be/3E_05mOqYR8

After a short recap of the video, I’ll be available for questions on this topic or any other related to Mental Health.

- Local Sleep and ADHD: Research over the last few years indicates that when many individuals are awake, particularly for prolonged times, small clusters of brain cells actually turn off and fall asleep. This is called local sleep, and also occurs more often in those with ADHD, dementia and depression. Recent studies strongly suggest that in ADHD local sleep may be responsible for lapses in attention and other executive functions.

-----
You can also discuss and ask questions on my Reddit page:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Drjohnkruse

If you have ideas for additional talks, or other feedback, let me know:
drjohnkruse@gmail.com

My Medium page with hundreds of articles on Mental Health and other subjects:
https://dockruse.medium.com
Access to full articles requires paid membership.

Read writing from John Kruse MD, PhD on Medium. Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, gay father of twins, marathon runner, in Hawaii. 200+ free ADHD & mental health videos at: https://www.youtube.com/

04/22/2026

Scientists used to think that sleep was an on/off switch - you were either completely awake or totally asleep. But after sleep deprivation, and with some conditions like narcolepsy, ADHD, dementia, and depression, an EEG reveals small assemblies of neurons in the brain go to sleep in an otherwise awake, alert individual. This is called "local sleep", and increasing evidence associates it with brain fog and glitches in attention and memory. Fortunately, a number of approaches, including electrical stimulation of the scalp, acoustic entraining, and medications, can boost night time slow wave sleep, thereby reducing daytime local sleep and improving cognitive performance.

Free link for non-members of Medium:
https://medium.com/invisible-illness/dont-make-local-sleep-a-trend-4fc1ba3644ab?sk=339b09bd2523f1eaeb8b9f9b53a9cd81

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/dont-make-local-sleep-a-trend-4fc1ba3644ab

The appearance of slow wave sleep during wakefulness may be more common and disruptive than we think.

04/20/2026

Weekly Q&A - 21 Apr 2026

Join me for my Weekly Q&A at:
https://youtube.com/live/Rz3sVLnQXKg

Livestream every Tuesday at 9:00am West Coast USA / 12:00pm East Coast USA / 6:00am Hawaii / 6:00pm Central European
www.youtube.com/

Video released this week:

- Kratom for Mental Health?
https://youtu.be/Dk4KVzdmigE

After a short recap of the video, I’ll be available for questions on this topic or any other related to Mental Health.

- Kratom for Mental Health?

The leaves of the kratom tree have been chewed for centuries in southeast Asia. At low doses they have a mild stimulant effect, and at higher doses ease pain and provide mild sedation. Some people obtain benefits for symptoms of depression, anxiety, op**te addiction, and ADHD. While dried, powdered kratom leaves can be obtained in the US and Europe, increasingly the products sold there contain highly purifiy 7-hydroxy mitragynine, which is a far more potent opioid than kratom leaves themselves, and has been associated with addiction, overdoses and death.

-----
You can also discuss and ask questions on my Reddit page:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Drjohnkruse

If you have ideas for additional talks, or other feedback, let me know:
drjohnkruse@gmail.com

My Medium page with hundreds of articles on Mental Health and other subjects:
https://dockruse.medium.com
Access to full articles requires paid membership.

Read writing from John Kruse MD, PhD on Medium. Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, gay father of twins, marathon runner, in Hawaii. 200+ free ADHD & mental health videos at: https://www.youtube.com/

04/20/2026

Gamma waves are the highest frequency brain waves, and are usually of fairly low amplitude. But a number of approaches to enhancing gamma waves, from auditory cues, to direct cranial electrical stimulation, to medications, appear to improve cognitive processes, and preliminary studies indicate that boosting gamma waves may be a way to treat dementia, depression, ADHD, and other conditions.

Free link for non- members of Medium: https://medium.com/invisible-illness/wave-trains-synch-brains-3c85fce50440?sk=3f2a3fdb6d830a34f5f8bb1f7904cdf2

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/wave-trains-synch-brains-3c85fce50440

Promoting brain gamma waves can boost brain function and may treat ADHD, depression and dementia.

04/15/2026

For centuries, people have chewed kratom leaves to feel more alert, to ease pain, and to treat nausea, diarrhea, headache and other ailments. But much of the Kratom available in US truckstops and corner stores contains highly purified 7-hydroxymitragine - virtually absent in the fresh leaves - that binds more strongly to op**te receptors than Oxycontin. Purified Kratom isn't the same product as kratom leaves, yet across most of the US the product is unregulated - kids can buy kratom when they pick up a pack of gum.

Free link for non-members of Medium: https://medium.com/invisible-illness/why-the-feds-are-going-cra-cra-over-kratom-96557a83aa86?sk=97d6f18ef99deea620b626f62b8b5651

https://medium.com/invisible-illness/why-the-feds-are-going-cra-cra-over-kratom-96557a83aa86

Harmless herbal medicine? Dangerous addictive opioid? What is kratom really?

Dr. John Kruse

05/20/2026

05/13/2026

05/11/2026

05/06/2026

05/04/2026

04/29/2026

04/27/2026

04/22/2026

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04/15/2026

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