07/24/2025
1. Dopamine: The Motivation Molecule
Dopamine plays a central role in the brain’s reward system. It’s released when we anticipate or experience pleasure, driving motivation, focus, and goal-directed behavior. Often referred to as the “feel-good” neurotransmitter, dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating mood, attention, and learning. However, too much dopamine, especially in certain brain regions, can lead to impulsivity, addiction, or even psychosis, while too little is linked to conditions like depression and Parkinson’s disease.
2. Serotonin: The Mood Stabilizer
Serotonin plays a crucial role in emotional regulation, sleep, appetite, and overall mood stability. It’s often associated with feelings of well-being and calm. Low serotonin levels are commonly linked to depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Unlike dopamine, which spikes in response to rewards, serotonin provides a more sustained sense of contentment. It also plays a role in social behaviour and impulse control. Balanced serotonin levels help us feel emotionally grounded and resilient in the face of stress.
3. Oxytocin: The Bonding Hormone
Oxytocin is often referred to as the “love hormone” due to its role in social bonding, trust, and empathy. It’s released during physical touch, childbirth, and intimate interactions, reinforcing connections between individuals. In the brain, oxytocin enhances feelings of safety and reduces fear responses, contributing to emotional balance. While it promotes prosocial behavior, excessive oxytocin can sometimes lead to in-group favouritism or heightened sensitivity to social rejection.
4. Endorphins: The Natural Painkillers
Endorphins are the body’s natural opioids, released during exercise, laughter, and moments of stress relief. They help reduce pain perception and induce feelings of euphoria. Often associated with the “runner’s high,” endorphins contribute to emotional resilience and stress management. They interact with the same receptors as morphine, but without the addictive side effects. Balanced endorphin levels help us cope with physical and emotional pain, enhancing our ability to recover from adversity.