
30/06/2025
BEE BALM IS A FRAGRANT NATIVE HERB with bright tubular flowers full of citrusy floral nectar. It is a boon for bees and hummingbirds and a sweet, soothing balm for families with frayed nerves. Fortunately, it is also perfect for inclusion in herbal teas, salads, and cocktails. The generic name of this tenacious sun-loving perennial honors Spanish physician and botanist Nicolás Monardes, whose Joyfull Newes Out of the Newe Founde Worlde (1577).
After nearly two hundred years of the same settlers overlooking indigenous plants and importing familiar plants from Europe, we had our first native plants movement, at the outset of the American Revolution. Colonists, intent on cutting ties with Great Britain, banned imported black teas and designated bee balm as one of the premier Liberty Teas (substitutes for black tea); it was a highly effective embargo that ultimately helped to win the war with balms instead of bombs. By the Victorian era, bee balm had become our homegrown alternative to the Mediterranean citrus bergamot, the chief flavor note in Earl Grey tea.
In the garden, bee balm is a perennial favorite and airy spark of color. As with so many plants, its common name suggests its use: today, we recognize bee balm as a key plant for reviving declining populations of bees and other pollinators. We also know this resinous plant as a balm, a fragrant ointment used to heal or soothe the skin and beleaguered spirits. When I don’t have access to the fresh plant, I sprinkle the essential oil around my house or put a drop on my pulse points when I need a lift.
All aerial parts of the plant can be used fresh. The tender leaves can be chopped finely and added to salads and summer vegetable dishes or made into teas and balms. However, the flowers (particularly the red ones) are my favorite edible part of the plant; they are full of an Earl Grey–like floral nectar and offer a fun kid candy from the garden. They are beautiful frozen into ice cubes for summer drinks or turned into a simple syrup for refreshing cocktails and confections.
Monarda didyma is the red-flowering South American type documented by Monardes; its mauve-flowering cousin, M. fistulosa, is a North American native. Both species are quick to spread via underground runners, so I will often fill teapots with the thinnings I pull up from the ground to keep it contained.....Above all, I have seen monarda work as a magic balm when engaging children in gardens. There is great reward in teaching kids to sit still with a flower in hand, long enough to be visited by a hummingbird. There is an equal joy to make time to do the same for ourselves.
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