06/12/2025
Well said.
Last week we received an excellent question about Acadian ancestry, heritage, and identity—a question that surfaces every now and then, and with good reason.
The person asked, "How is one's Acadian descent/heritage determined?" They followed up by asking about paternal versus maternal ancestry and how much stock we should place in family names.
This was the gist of our response:
Historically, especially in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, census takers would list a person's ancestry based on the origin of their father. It was an easy shortcut, but it silenced the whole maternal side of the family. We know that women played the most essential role in raising young children, so their culture and heritage would likely have the most influence (hence why we speak of a maternal tongue). As for the ancestral or genetic angle, there is no reason to give more importance to one parent's side over the other. A person's genetic baggage is a messy mix of both sides.
Last names can also be misleading. A person's last name might be Cyr (which is Acadian), but a majority of their great-grandparents might be French-Canadian... or Scots-Irish.
As with most ethnic, ancestral, and cultural groups, there is no clear, agreed-upon standard for claiming an Acadian identity. At the Archives, we can trace a person's ancestry, but we don't have the context to tell people how they should identify. We simply provide visitors with the tools or basic facts about their family history and it is up to them to decide whether they can claim an identity.
To give you an example, I have Scots-Irish ancestors, but I have to go back five generations to find them. I didn't grow up with that culture. Accordingly, I tell people I have Scots-Irish roots, but I don't feel comfortable calling myself Scots-Irish, especially when other folks have grown up in such communities. Similarly, many present-day Quebeckers are descendants of Pierre Miville dit Le Suisse, but he died more than 350 years ago and I would find it uncomfortable to claim to be Swiss. I think we can extend that to Acadian, Indigenous, or any other ancestors. This is partly because culture and heritage are more important than ancestry (strictly defined) in the making of a person's identity. However, there is a broad range of opinions on this.
I suppose the short answer is that we shouldn't rely only on last names alone or on one parent's side exclusively. Ultimately, once you have explored your roots, it's up to you to determine what has made you—hopefully while recognizing the complex mixing of origins and cultures over the course of many, many generations.