10/13/2025
October is Breast Cancer Awareness month.
What is Breast Cancer: a cancer that forms in the tissue of the breasts
Causes of Breast Cancer:
Doctors know that breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body.
Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer:
-A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
-Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
-Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
-A newly inverted ni**le
-Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding the ni**le (ar**la) or breast skin
-Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange
Risk Factors for Developing Breast Cancer:
-Being female. Women are much more likely than men are to develop breast cancer.
-Increasing age. Your risk of breast cancer increases as you age.
-A personal history of breast conditions. If you've had a breast biopsy that found lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia of the breast, you have an increased risk of breast cancer.
-A personal history of breast cancer. If you've had breast cancer in one breast, you have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast.
-A family history of breast cancer. If your mother, sister or daughter was diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly at a young age, your risk of breast cancer is increased. Still, the majority of people diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history of the disease.
-Inherited genes that increase cancer risk. Certain gene mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer can be passed from parents to children. The most well-known gene mutations are referred to as BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes can greatly increase your risk of breast cancer and other cancers, but they don't make cancer inevitable.
-Radiation exposure. If you received radiation treatments to your chest as a child or young adult, your risk of breast cancer is increased.
-Obesity. Being obese increases your risk of breast cancer.
-Beginning your period at a younger age. Beginning your period before age 12 increases your risk of breast cancer.
-Beginning menopause at an older age. If you began menopause at an older age, you're more likely to develop breast cancer.
-Having your first child at an older age. Women who give birth to their first child after age 30 may have an increased risk of breast cancer.
-Having never been pregnant. Women who have never been pregnant have a greater risk of breast cancer than do women who have had one or more pregnancies.
-Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Women who take hormone therapy medications that combine estrogen and progesterone to treat the signs and symptoms of menopause have an increased risk of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer decreases when women stop taking these medications.
-Drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
Diagnosing Breast Cancer:
-Mammogram
-Ultrasound
-MRI
-Breast Biopsy
-Lab Tests
Types of Breast Cancer:
Angiosarcoma:
Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS):
Inflammatory Breast Cancer:
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma:
Lobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS):
Male Breast Cancer:
Paget’s Disease of the Breast:
Recurrent Breast Cancer:
Stages of Breast Cancer:
0:
-called carcinoma in situ, which means cancer in the original place.
-3 types of in situ carcinoma: DCIS – Ductal carcinoma in situ, LCIS – Lobular carcinoma in situ, and Paget disease of the ni**le
-non-invasive
-typically treated with surgery or radiation
1:
-cancer is contained to the area where the first abnormal cells began to develop.
-1A: tumor is smaller than approximate size of a peanut (2cm or less), and has not spread to lymph nodes
-1B: lymph nodes have cancer evidence, cluster of cells approx. 0.2mm-2.0mm) and either no actual tumor is found in the breast or the tumor is smaller than the approx. size of a peanut.
-highly treatable, typically with surgery and radiation
2 (II):
-breast cancer is growing, but still contained to breast or growth has extended to nearby lymph nodes
-IIA: described as either no tumor is associated with the cancerous cells, and less than four axillary lymph nodes have cancer cells present, or the tumor is less than 2cm and less than four axillary lymph nodes have cancer cells present, or the tumor is 2cm-5cm and has not yet spread to lymph nodes
-IIB: either the tumor is between 2cm-5cm and has spread to less than four axillary lymph nodes or the tumor is larger than 5cm and has not spread to any axillary lymph nodes
3 (III):
-cancer has extended beyond immediate region of tumor, and may have invaded nearby lymph nodes and muscle, but has not spread to different organs.
-3A: Either:No actual tumor is associated with the cancerous cells or the tumor may be any size, AND the nearby lymph nodes (4 or more nodes with as many as 9 affected) contain cancer, Or The tumor is larger than the approximate size of a small lime (more than 5 centimeters), AND small clusters of breast cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes between the approximate size of a pinprick and the width of a grain of rice. (.2mm – 2.0mm.), Or The tumor is larger than the approximate size of a small lime (over 5 centimeters), AND the cancer has spread to 1, 2, or 3 lymph nodes under the arm or near the breastbone.
-3B: The tumor may be any size, AND cancer has invaded the chest wall or breast skin with evidence of swelling, inflammation, or ulcers (such as with cases like inflammatory breast cancer). The breast cancer may also have invaded up to 9 nearby lymph node
-3C: Either: No actual tumor is found in the breast (such as with cases like inflammatory breast cancer) or the tumor may be any size, AND cancer may have invaded the chest wall or breast skin with evidence of swelling, inflammation, or ulcers and cancer has also invaded 10 or more lymph nodes under the arm, OR No actual tumor is found in the breast or the tumor may be any size AND lymph nodes extending to the collarbone area are found to contain cancer, OR No actual tumor is found in the breast or the tumor may be any size AND lymph nodes under the arm and near the breastbone are found to contain cancer.
4 (IV):
-the cancer has spread to other areas of the body, such as the brain, bones, lung and liver.
-also known as metastatic breast cancer.
Treatment of Breast Cancer:
Prevention of Breast Cancer:
Ask your doctor about breast cancer screening.
-Become familiar with your breasts through breast self-exam for breast awareness. If there is a new change, lumps or other unusual signs in your breasts, talk to your doctor promptly.�Breast awareness can't prevent breast cancer, but it may help you to better understand the normal changes that your breasts undergo and identify any unusual signs and symptoms.
-Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink to no more than one drink a day, if you choose to drink.
-Exercise most days of the week. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week.
-Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy. Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Some women experience bothersome signs and symptoms during menopause and, for these women, the increased risk of breast cancer may be acceptable in order to relieve menopause signs and symptoms. To reduce the risk of breast cancer, use the lowest dose of hormone therapy possible for the shortest amount of time.
-Maintain a healthy weight. If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight.
-Choose a healthy diet.