01/07/2026
A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pea-sized pituitary gland at the base of the brain, usually benign (non-cancerous) but can cause serious health issues by disrupting hormone production or pressing on nerves. These tumors, called adenomas, can be functioning (producing excess hormones, leading to issues like Cushing’s syndrome or acromegaly) or non-functioning (not producing extra hormones). Symptoms arise from hormone imbalance (fatigue, weight changes, reproductive issues) or pressure on nearby optic nerves (vision loss, headaches). Diagnosis involves imaging (MRI) and blood tests, with treatments including medication, radiation, or surgery.
Types & Causes
Functioning Tumors: Overproduce hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, etc.), causing specific syndromes.
Non-functioning Tumors: Do not overproduce hormones but grow large enough to press on structures, leading to general symptoms.
Causes: The exact cause isn’t always clear, but genetic conditions like Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) can increase risk.