08/24/2025
In African American yards across the South, the making of lye soap in heavy black kettles was a seasonal ritual and a marker of self-sufficiency. African descended people, often women, preserved an ancestral knowledge of turning raw materials into cleansing agents that sustained both health and dignity. Soap-making was not only a household task but also an act of resilience, a way of maintaining standards of cleanliness despite poverty and systemic deprivation.
Traditionally, the process began with collecting wood ashes from the fireplace or outdoor pit. Ashes were leached with water to produce lye, a caustic solution that formed the base of the soap. Families would pour water slowly through a hopper filled with hardwood ashes, catching the liquid that filtered through. When strong enough to float an egg or potato, the lye was ready. Into a large black iron kettle set over an outdoor fire, the lye was mixed with animal fatsβoften pork lard or tallow left from butchering. The mixture had to be stirred continuously with long paddles, sometimes for hours, until it thickened and cured. The process was dangerous, requiring skill to avoid burns from the lye and careful judgment to achieve the right balance between harshness and cleansing strength.
Once hardened, the soap was cut into blocks or chunks. It carried a strong smell and a rough texture, but it was indispensable. Families used it to scrub laundry on washboards, whitening linens under the sun. It was also used for bathing, believed to purify the body and ward off illness. In many households, the annual soap-making was spoken of with pride, a testimony to thrift, resourcefulness, and the maintenance of cleanliness as a cultural and moral virtue.