07/07/2025
Dry mouth (also called xerostomia) contributes to tooth decay in several important ways. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health, and when it’s lacking, the risk of dental problems increases significantly.
Here’s how dry mouth leads to tooth decay:
1. Loss of Saliva’s Protective Effects
• Saliva neutralizes acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. Without enough saliva, these acids are free to erode tooth enamel.
• It helps wash away food particles and debris that feed bacteria. A dry mouth allows this debris to linger, promoting bacterial growth.
• Saliva contains minerals like calcium and phosphate that help repair early tooth damage (remineralization). Dry mouth stops this natural repair process.
2. Increased Bacterial Growth
• A dry environment in the mouth favors harmful bacteria over beneficial ones.
• This imbalance can accelerate the formation of plaque, a sticky film that produces acid and leads to decay.
3. More Frequent and Severe Cavities
• People with dry mouth often develop multiple cavities, especially around the gum line or on the roots of teeth.
• Cavities tend to progress more rapidly when the mouth is dry, making early treatment critical.
4. Gum Disease Risk
• While not directly causing decay, dry mouth increases the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis, which can make it harder to maintain healthy teeth and further contribute to decay.
Common Causes of Dry Mouth:
• Medications (antidepressants, antihistamines, blood pressure drugs)
• Aging
• Radiation therapy (especially for head and neck cancer)
• Medical conditions (e.g., Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes)
Tips to Prevent Tooth Decay from Dry Mouth:
• Sip water frequently
• Use sugar-free gum or lozenges to stimulate saliva
• Avoid sugary or acidic foods and drinks
• Use fluoride toothpaste and possibly prescription-strength fluoride
• Talk to a dentist about saliva substitutes or medications to increase saliva production