09/25/2024
High Intake of Plant Omega-3 Lowers HF Death Rates
Patients with heart failure (HF) who are in the highest two quartiles for circulating levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)—a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid—had a 39% lower risk of HF-associated hospitalization and death than those in the lowest quartiles.
Iolanda Lázaro and colleagues at the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, used gas chromatography to study serum ALA levels—measured as a percentage of total serum phospholipids—in a cohort of 905 ambulatory HF patients. The subjects had a mean age of 67, and roughly two-thirds were male. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, HF-specific death, and HF-associated hospitalization during a median follow-up of 2.4 years.
Brown flax seed, and flax oil–a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (Photo: Geo-graphica/Shutterstock)
Compared with patients in the lowest ALA quartile, those in the top two quartiles had a 49% lower rate of death due to HF, and a 42% lower rate of HF-related hospitalizations (Lázaro I, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022).
Surprisingly, they found no such correlations between HF outcomes and fish-based omega-3s (EPA and DHA), suggesting that ALA—found in flax seed, walnuts, chia, h**p, and purslane–has different modes of action from the marine-derived omegas. The authors suggest that patients with low ALA levels “might be a target population in whom to test dietary ALA-rich interventions to promote quality of life.”
In an editorial accompanying the Lázaro paper, heart failure expert Abdallah Al-Mohammad, of the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK, postulated that ALA confers its benefits by mitigating the inflammation that exacerbates HF. He views the Lázaro study as “hypothesis-generating,” but not as definitive proof that ALA interventions would lower HF morbidity and mortality.
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