Online Journal of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Maternity Care

10/03/2024

Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Intestinal Obstruction- Is it Possible before 32 Weeks?

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180044.pdf

Authors: Akhila AT*, Kanishka SPD, Suresh C, Vignesh J and Deshmukh RM

Abstract
Background: Early prenatal diagnosis of gastro-intestinal system using ultrasonogram is challenging. However, the findings
can be confirmed using fetal MRI. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonogram in detecting gastro-intestinal
abnormalities in fetus and role of MRI in aiding the findings of ultrasonogram.
Materials and Methods: a total of 19 patients suspected with fetal gastro-intestinal malformations were included in the study
which was conducted by the Department of ___, College_____ over a period of 1 year.
Results: out of the 19 patients, 3 patients refused to undergo MRI scan. 37% had small bowel obstruction, 26.3% had anorectal
malformations, 15.7% had esophageal malformations, 10.5% has ventral abdominal wall defects and 10.5% had diaphragmatic
defects. 52.6% had delivered a live fetus, 26.3% had still births, 21 % had intrauterine death. Polyhydramnios was the most
commonly found feature.
Conclusion: ultrasonogram is safe, low cost screening tool for early identification of congenital anomalies. The findings of
ultrasound can be confirmed upto certain extent by fetal MRI. However, the gold standard method of analyzing is through postnatal sonogram or by autopsy.

Keywords: Congenital Anomalies; Duodenal Atresia; Ileal Atresia; Intestinal Obstruction; Ultrasound; Fetal MRI

10/03/2024

Assessment of Uterine Histopathology among Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180045.pdf

Authors: Nada JM* and Nabila KY

Abstract
Introduction: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a frequent clinical problem, often requiring further exploration because of
potential underlying serious conditions such as endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the
clinical characteristics and histopathologic findings in postmenopausal women who present with PMB.
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 56 years; two-thirds had a MacCann-Erickson type IV endometrium on Pipelle biopsy.
This study was conducted to assess histopathological patterns in women with complaints of postmenopausal bleeding.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 postmenopausal women with PMB. We collected and analyzed data
about the demographics, clinical presentation, and histopathologic findings. We also performed statistical analyses to determine
what associations were significant.
Results: The average age of participants: was 58.01 years old The majority of the respondents (97%) were females and
among them 77% were housewives. A large part lived in rural areas (63%). Among all identified histopathologic findings,
thin endometrial lining (49%) and thickened endometrium due to hormonal imbalance & suspicious for carcinoma (20%), a
large portion consisted of ovulatory phase. The histopathologic findings correlated significantly with different clinical features.
Conclusion: The present study underscores the variety of histopathological pictures in postmenopausal women presenting with
PMB. The findings emphasize the critical need for a sober, wide-ranging diagnostic process in this population as part of clinical
decision-making.

Keywords: Postmenopausal Bleeding; Endometrial Carcinoma; Post-Coital Bleeding; Bleeding

10/03/2024

Acute Pancreatitis with Pregnancy
3SunitaG Pancreatitis
https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180046.pdf

Authors: Sunita G1*, Bhamani K1, Shabana I1, Meera ES1 and Vatsal B2

Abstract
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) in pregnancy is a rare but serious event occurring between 3 in 10000 pregnancies. The spectrum of AP in
pregnancy varies from mild to severe pancreatitis. Severe pancreatitis might be associated with multiple organ failure, pancreatic
abscess, pseudocyst and necrosis. The commonest cause for AP in pregnancy is gallstones (60%-100%). Signs and symptoms
of gall bladder disease precedes acute pancreatitis. The diagnosis is usually difficult due to physiological changes in pregnancy.
The clinical features, laboratory investigations like serum amylase and lipase and imaging techniques such as ultrasonography,
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography helps in diagnosis. Mild AP in pregnancy is usually managed conservatively
while severe AP requires management in intensive care unit. Therapeutic modalities like endoscopic sphincterotomy, biliary
stenting and laparoscopic cholecystectomy are major milestones in management of severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy.
When properly managed AP in pregnancy is not associated with bad prognosis as in past.

Keywords: Acute Pancreatitis; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Pregnancy; Pancreatitis in Pregnancy

08/02/2024

Previous Two Children Affected with Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Only One Parent Screened Positive for Carrier Status; Dilemmas in Prenatal Diagnosis

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180040.pdf

Authors: Pritti K*, Rohina A and Hetvi P

Abstract

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetically heterogenous disorder, mostly having a recessive inheritance. If the child is diagnosed with this genetic disease, parental screening for spinal muscular atrophy is recommended before planning for future pregnancy as interpreting the results of carrier screening in the context of family history can be challenging. Case: We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with two previous children affected with SMA type 1 succumbed at the age of
6 months; and husband with negative carrier status. Exome sequencing of affected child showed no point mutations. Multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) showed homozygous deletion of both the copies of SMN1 gene. Mother was carrier as her test revealed single copy of SMN1 gene whereas father appeared to be non-carrier with presence of two copies of the same gene. Diagnostic testing for the fetus for SMA showed two copies. Father could be a silent carrier for SMA having cis configuration. Conclusion: Interpretation of carrier screening results could be challenging in case of one of the parents carrying cis configuration and thus behaving as a silent carrier. In these situations, additional genetic testing and genetic counseling are indicated to clarify risk for SMA in pregnancy and guide prenatal diagnosis.

Keywords: Carrier Screening; Spinal Muscular Atrophy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Genetic Testing

07/03/2024

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Breast Crawl Technique on Episiotomy Suturing Pain among Primi Mothers at Tertiary Care Hospital at Bangalore, India

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180036.pdf

Authors: Jyotsana*

Abstract

Background: The breast crawl is associated with a variety of sensory, central, motor and neuro-endocrine components, all
directly or indirectly helping the baby to move and facilitate her survival in the new world. To assess the effectiveness of breast
crawl technique on intensity of episiotomy suturing pain among primi mothers at a tertiary care hospital at Bangalore, india.
Methods: In the present study, Quantitative Experimental research approach was used. A randomised controlled trial with posttest only design was chosen for this study by using purposive sampling technique. A total of 100 samples were included for the
study which consisted of 50 samples each, allocated in experimental and control group. Breast crawl technique was implemented
for experimental group participants along with routine care where as controlled participants were given routine care.
Results: In the present study, lowest pain rating score of 3 in experimental group in about 28% and 2% of control group was
evident, however the highest pain score of 7 was found only in Control group within 2% cases, in contrary highest pain score in
Experimental group was 5 i.e., 24%. The analysis shows a significant benefit of breast crawl technique on episiotomy suturing
pain. Lowest pain rating score of 3 in experimental group is 28% and in control group is only 2%. The threshold for pain
perception showed encouraging results.
Conclusion: The breast crawl technique was observed an effective intervention to reduce the episiotomy suturing pain perception
level.

Keywords: Breast Crawl; Episiotomy Suturing; Breast Feeding; Oxytocin; Primi Mothers

07/03/2024

Uterine Fibroids in a Premenopausal Woman
Discomfort
https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180035.pdf

Authors: Begum A*

Abstract

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are common benign tumors of the uterus that often present with symptoms such as
heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and reproductive issues. This case report discusses a 42-year-old premenopausal woman
who presented with severe menorrhagia and pelvic discomfort, leading to the diagnosis and management of multiple uterine
fibroids. The management approach, including medical and surgical options, and the outcomes are discussed in detail.

Keywords: Uterine Fibroids; Menorrhagia; Pelvic Discomfort; Tranexamic Acid; Postoperative Care; Surgical Intervention

07/03/2024

Addressing Challenges and Advancing Care in Gynecology: A Contemporary Perspective

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180034.pdf

Authors: Begum A*

Abstract

Gynecology, a vital branch of medicine focusing on women’s reproductive health, continually evolves to meet the diverse needs
and challenges faced by women worldwide. This article aims to explore recent advancements and ongoing efforts in gynecological
research, diagnosis, and treatment, highlighting key studies and innovative approaches shaping the field.

Keywords: Women’s Reproductive Health; Dysmenorrhea; Regenerative Medicine; Collaborative Research Efforts

07/03/2024

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause - Therapeutic Strategies for a Clinical Enigma

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180033.pdf

Authors: Devalla A1*, Cheruvu VPR2 and Dubey P1

Abstract

In 2014, the term Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) was coined to replace formerly termed Vulvovaginal atrophy
to include the range of inter-related symptoms. It is frequently underestimated and mostly underreported disorder that
requires careful clinical assessment of symptomatology. Other conditions mimicking this condition needs to be ruled out before
establishing the diagnosis for an accurate and safe management. The etiology is by far unknown but could be due to interplay of
various local and systemic hormonal and inflammatory markers. An extensive PubMed literature search was conducted by the
authors to collect recent evidence published after 2015 on the diagnosis and management of GSM. In this review, we attempt
to highlight the importance of addressing these concerns by the healthcare professionals and describe the existing therapeutic
options.

Keywords: Sexual Health; Estrogens; Quality of Life; Dyspareunia; Atrophy; Morbidity

07/03/2024

Real Time Ultrasound with Surgical Evacuation for Missed Abortion and its Success Rate

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC180032.pdf

Authors: Sajid E* and Hassan M

Abstract

Introduction: Dilation and curettage (D&C), with or without suction/vacuum aspiration, is a frequently performed gynecological
procedure. However, it is historically carried out blindly with an early complication rate of approximately 6%. Such early
complications include uterine perforation, excessive bleeding greater than 500 ml, retained products of conception necessitating
further intervention and pelvic infection. The aim of this study was to analyze how real time ultrasound decreases the rate of
these complications.
Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Faith and Hope Hospital in Patna from
July 2020 to July 2023.A consecutive series of 115 subjects who had missed miscarriage or incomplete miscarriage of

05/29/2024

Nonsurgical Management of a Rare Case of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy: A First Experience in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/OJGOMC1800336.pdf

Authors: Akpanika CJ, Ukweh ON, Okpebri KO*, Akpan UB and Etuk SJ

Abstract

A rare case of cervical ectopic pregnancy successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team at the University of Calabar Teaching
Hospital is presented. The aim is to emphasize the place of conservative management for this condition. A 41-year old woman
with a previous history of Caesarean section and multiple dilatation and curettage, presented to the Emergency Gynaecology
Clinic with vaginal bleeding and positive serum pregnancy test. She was investigated and a diagnosis of cervical ectopic pregnancy
was made. She was successfully managed with the administration of intra gestational sac methotrexate using ultrasound
guidance by the interventional radiologist. Cervical ectopic pregnancy is uncommon and usually involves the implantation of
the conceptus in the cervical canal. Life-threatening haemorrhage is a common complication and emergency hysterectomy was
previously the treatment of choice. The availability of interventional radiology and advanced ultrasonography has revolutionized
its management from this radical approach to a conservative therapeutic one as shown in the case presented with satisfactory
outcome.

Keywords: Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy; Transvaginal Ultrasound Scan; Interventional Radiology; Methotrexate; Fertility
Sparing

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05/15/2024

Real Time Ultrasound with Surgical Evacuation for Missed Abortion and its Success Rate

https://academicstrive.com/OJGOMC/

Authors: Sajid E* and Hassan M

Abstract

Introduction: Dilation and curettage (D&C), with or without suction/vacuum aspiration, is a frequently performed gynecological
procedure. However, it is historically carried out blindly with an early complication rate of approximately 6%. Such early
complications include uterine perforation, excessive bleeding greater than 500 ml, retained products of conception necessitating
further intervention and pelvic infection. The aim of this study was to analyze how real time ultrasound decreases the rate of
these complications.
Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Faith and Hope Hospital in Patna from
July 2020 to July 2023.A consecutive series of 115 subjects who had missed miscarriage or incomplete miscarriage of

Online Journal of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Maternity Care (OJGOMC) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal represents an established forum for the entire research developments in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The goal of the OJGOMC is to promote excellence in the clinical practice of obstet...