06/29/2025
For the first time, scientists are testing a stem cell therapy in humans that may help reverse spinal cord injuries. The trial, launched in May by Chinese biotech company XellSmart Biopharmaceutical, uses lab-grown nerve cells derived from stem cells to repair damaged spinal tissue. Called XS228, the therapy is based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are adult cells reprogrammed into a stem-cell state and then developed into neural cells. Unlike personalized stem cell treatments, this one uses healthy donor cells, making it an “off-the-shelf” solution that could be available to more people.
In earlier animal studies, these lab-grown nerve cells successfully integrated into injured spinal cords, regrew nerve connections, and restored movement. Now, researchers are testing if the same results can be safely achieved in people. The trial will involve around 60 patients in China who’ve recently suffered spinal cord injuries. Some will get the stem cell treatment; others will get a placebo. Over six months, researchers will monitor for improvements in movement and function, while keeping a close eye on safety.
Spinal cord injury affects more than 15 million people worldwide, and current treatments don’t repair the damage. This trial marks a major step toward the long-held dream of reversing paralysis. While results won’t be immediate and challenges remain, scientists are hopeful this stem cell-based approach will change the future of spinal injury treatment.
