10/07/2025
I love a good piece of history, but this is pretty wild.
Women in 1915 being prepared for "twilight sleep" births. While these images may look like scenes from horrific procedures forced on them without their consent, twilight sleep was in fact something that women chose in the early 20th century, and many women's organizations fiercely advocated for in the USA.
Twilight sleep originated in a clinic in Freiburg in around 1903. At the onset of labor, the patient would receive a dose of morphine (a painkiller) and scopolamine, a drug which can induce amnesia and an altered state of consciousness. The patient was given minimal sensory input, often with earplugs and eyes covered, lying in a pod and sometimes restrained to prevent getting up. This served to prevent memories from forming. This protocol meant that as far as you were aware, you went to sleep and the next thing you remembered, you'd be handed your newborn.
Wealthy European women found this procedure very positive, and news of the "painless childbirth" spread to the USA. "Twilight Sleep Associations" formed, advocating for the procedure to be rolled out in the country and talks were given promoting positive experiences. Demand skyrocketed for the procedure. Many doctors were resistant to adopting the methods, although they were pitted against women's organizations demanding it. Eventually, more and more American doctors started to offer twilight sleep because it was so wildly popular.
Because of the mass appeal of twilight sleep, clinics in the USA frequently cut corners, not administering the drugs in the correct doses, and failing to maintain the quiet environment which prevented memories from forming. One New York twilight sleep clinic received frequent noise complaints due to the sound of the patients screaming.
Twilight sleep fell from favor almost as quickly as it rose to popularity -around 1916.
It may sound strange in the 21st century to think that people found ceding complete control to physicians and giving birth in restraints to be empowering, but at the time it was seen that way. Ultimately, all they wanted was no pain.
Images: Scopolamin-Morphine Anesthesia, 1915