01/07/2024
𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐀𝐁𝐈𝐍𝐎𝐈𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐎𝐍’𝐒 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐄𝐀𝐒𝐄
𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭: https://surf-theory-ff5.notion.site/CANNABINOID-IN-PARKINSON-S-DISEASE-85d1e662344149b78fff2f3cc2faf953?pvs=74
📇 Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly presents in later life with generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia) and at least one other symptom of resting tremor or rigidity.
Other associated features are a loss of smell, sleep dysfunction, mood disorders, excess salivation, constipation, and excessive periodic limb movements in sleep (REM behavior disorder).
𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐧'𝐬 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞: dopamine deficiency of striatum receptors → Decrease in "disinhibition" → Increasing inhibition of motor skills → Bradykinesis
𝐴𝑝𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒: 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑛-𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝐷2-𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝐷1-𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠. 𝐼𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 5-𝐻𝑇2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 α-𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑, ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 -𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑥. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛, 𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑡 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠.
# # 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐢𝐝
Cannabis has two main active ingredients Tetrahydrocannabinol THC and cannabidiol (CBD) are obtained from the h**p plant and usually consumed inhaled as twisted ci******es (joints) or orally, e.g. in the form of biscuits (so-called space cookies).
Binding to the specific cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2 → E.a. Inhibition of a GABAergic interneuron → Inhibition of the inhibitory effect on downstream dopaminergic neurons → Increase in dopamine secretion in the nucleus accumbens of the mesolimbic reward system
**Ma*****na** consists of 85 phytocannabinoids, from which cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the main constituents. CBD and THC are responsible for the medicinal effects of ma*****na
- **CBD** is non-psychoactive and is known to have hypnotic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective effects
- **THC** is the main component responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis, and it acts via two types of G protein-coupled receptors, known as cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2)
**Endocannabinoids** are produced in the body and help regulate memory, pleasure, concentration, thinking, movement, sensory and time perception, appetite, and pain. They act on CB1 and CB2 receptors. The main endocannabinoids are **anandamide** and **2-arachidonoyl glycerol**.
Globus pallidus and substantia nigra are major brain areas involved in the control of movements and contain the highest densities of CB1 receptors, as well as the highest levels of anandamide .
Dopaminergic D2 receptors regulate anandamide synthesis in the striatum which gives inhibitory feedback to dopamine-induced motor activity
