Dr.Srinath Gupta - Consultant Orthopedic Oncosurgeon

30/07/2024

05/10/2022

Happy Dussehra 🌻🌸🌹🌼

25/07/2022

Liposarcoma is soft tissue cancer that develops in fat cells. It can begin in any part of the body, but it usually forms in belly, legs or arms. Liposarcoma most often occurs in the fat layer just below the skin or in the soft tissues (muscles, fat, tendons and nerves).

Liposarcomas are also called lipomatous tumors. They usually grow slowly and do not cause pain. In some cases, they can grow very quickly and cause pressure on nearby tissue or organs.

Lipomatous tumors are similar to a common type of lump under the skin called lipomas. Lipomas are benign (not cancerous). Recognizing the difference between a lipoma and a liposarcoma (cancer) should be completed by an expert in sarcoma.

Classification of Liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated: Usually begins with slow-growing cancer cells in the abdomen (belly), but can occur in the extremities or chest area, as well.

Myxoid: Often develops in arms and legs, and has a tendency to spread to unusual locations, such as distant skin, muscle, or bones.

Round cell: Often develops in the thigh and can involve changes in the chromosomes (proteins that carry genetic information) in cells

Pleomorphic: The rarest type of liposarcoma and the most likely to return after treatment

Well-differentiated: The most commonly diagnosed liposarcoma, with cells that grow slowly and closely resemble typical fat cells. This form is not known to metastasize (spread).

21/07/2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that affects muscle tissue. It’s most common in children and adolescents.

The disease starts in the mesenchymal cells, which are cells that turn into muscle. With rhabdomyosarcoma, the cells change and grow out of control, forming one or more tumors.

Rhabdomyosarcoma can occur anywhere in the body, but it’s most common in the following places:

Arms and legs.
Head and neck.
Urinary and reproductive organs.

What are the symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma?
Symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma depend on where the cancer is in the body. But common signs include:

Bleeding from the nose, throat, va**na or re**um (where bowel movements come from).
Blood in urine (p*e).
Eyes that cross or bulge.
Headaches.
Lump that gets bigger or doesn’t go away.

17/07/2022

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare cancer that grows in the smooth muscles, like those found in your upper limb, lower limbs, stomach, bladder, uterus, intestines and blood vessels. Treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery.

What are the symptoms of leiomyosarcoma?
People may have varying symptoms depending on how big the tumor is and where it’s located. Some people don’t experience symptoms early on, but may notice certain signs as the tumor grows, such as:

Pain.
Tiredness.
Abdominal bloating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Weight loss.
Fever.
A lump under your skin.

15/07/2022

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor, or MPNST, is a cancer of the cells that form the sheath that covers and protects peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerves are those outside of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). MPNST is a type of sarcoma

What are the symptoms of nerve sheath tumors?
People with nerve sheath tumors often have no pain or other symptoms. If the tumor grows large or presses on the nerve, it may cause:
Lump or mass under their skin that may be painful when pressed.
Muscle weakness.
Numbness.
Pain that’s aching, burning or sharp.
Tingling feeling.
Nerve sheath tumors can cause other symptoms depending on their location. Some specific symptoms for different tumor locations include:
Sciatic nerve: Lower back pain that radiates down their leg (sciatica).
Wrist: Symptoms similar to carpal tunnel syndrome.
Vestibular nerve: Decreased hearing, ringing in ears (tinnitus) and difficulty with balance.

13/07/2022

SYNOVIAL SARCOMA

It is a misnomer!
Synovial sarcoma is a cancer that can come from different types of soft tissue, such as muscle or ligaments. It is often found in the arm, leg, or foot, and near joints such as the wrist or ankle. Synovial sarcoma may also be called malignant synovioma

What are synovial sarcoma symptoms?
Synovial sarcoma symptoms develop over time. Tumors can grow undetected for as long as two years. Synovial sarcoma symptoms are sometimes mistaken for other, less serious conditions. Follow up with your healthcare provider if you have a symptom that doesn’t go away. Typical symptoms are:

A painless lump that appears on your hip, knee, ankle or shoulder.
A sudden sharp pain in your hip, knee, ankle or shoulder.
Nerve pain due to compression

11/07/2022

Fibrosarcoma -
Is a very rare soft-tissue cancerous tumor, or sarcoma. If you develop fibrosarcoma, you have a soft tissue tumor in the tissues that wrap around your tendons, ligaments and muscles. There are two types of fibrosarcoma: infantile or congenital fibrosarcoma and adult-type fibrosarcoma.

What are the symptoms of fibrosarcoma?

It takes time for fibrosarcoma symptoms to surface. And when they do, they can resemble symptoms of other, less serious conditions.

Typical symptoms of fibrosarcoma include:
A painful soft lump
Nerve compression (pinched nerve) - You might feel tingling or “pins and needles” (paresthesia) or sharp, aching or burning pain
Swelling
Unexplained weight loss.

25/04/2022

Benign condition in which abnormal fibrous tissue develops in place of normal bone

As these areas of fibrous tissue grow and expand over time, they can weaken the bone — causing it to fracture or become deformed

Various presentation: Bone deformity, fractures, discrete lucency, patchy, sclerotic, expansile and polyostotic

Mostly found in children and young adults, but sometimes as coincidental finding at older ages

Common location: Femur, tibia, ribs and humerus.
Located in diaphysis or metadiaphysis.

Usually FD presents as a solitary lesion, but in about 10% it is multiple

Differential diagnosis:
In young patients - Solitary bone cyst or aneurysmal bone cyst
In eccentric locations - NOF or adamantinoma (tibia)

22/04/2022

Grows at the ends of the body's long bones, close to the joints

Seen in children and young adults

Common locations
Femur (thigh bone)
Tibia (shin bone)
Humerus (upper arm bone).

Typical presentation: With pain and swelling in a joint

DD: Ganglion cyst, osteomyelitis, GCT, ABC, enchondroma

19/04/2022

Benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that usually develops in the long bones of the body, such as the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone)

Can cause severe pain and discomfort

Seen in all ages, but they occur more frequently in children and young adults.

Radiology: Radiolucent nidus with central small sclerotic focus

Usually prominent periosteal and endosteal reaction

Axial imaging for differentiation from Brodie abscess, osteoblastoma, stress fracture.

17/04/2022

also known as simple bone cysts, are common benign non-neoplastic lucent bony lesions that are seen mainly in childhood and typically remain asymptomatic. They account for the S (simple bone cyst) in FEGNOMASHIC, the commonly used mnemonic for lytic bone lesions.

They are usually found in children in the 1st and 2nd decades (65% in teenagers) and are more common in males (M:F ~ 2-3:1) 2,6. Active unicameral bone cysts occur most frequently between the ages of 1 and 10 years.

These lesions are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally, although pain, swelling and stiffness of the adjacent joint also occur. The most frequent presentation is due to pathological fracture.