15/11/2024
The fruit sugar ‘fructose’ isn’t generally considered a food that’s best avoided. After all, it comes from fruit.
Yet a radical new theory, developed by Richard Johnson, Professor of Nephrology at the University of Colorado, explains how it can trigger various damaging changes in our metabolism that make us more likely to develop chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer’s.
If doctors better understood this, it could transform the new emphasis on sickness prevention that the government is promising.
Professor Johnson has produced what is effectively a biochemical wiring diagram of the connections fructose turn on and off, that are making an increasing number of people sick. Fructose makes up half of white sugar and most of fructose corn syrup which is the main sweetener in fizzy drinks and ultra-processed foods as well as being the main sugar in fruit.
For instance, the amount of fat stored in the liver increases driving fatty liver disease, while the cell’s mitochondria, which create the body and brain’s energy molecule ATP, become less productive and blood pressure goes up. The result is that you get fatter, with more brain fog and fatigue and feel less inclined to exercise. It is a major promoter of diabetes.
Meanwhile an anti-ageing process called autophagy, that would normally clear away used up and damaged mitochondria, the cell’s energy factories, to make room for new ones, is disabled. When fructose gets into the brain, it is one of the factors causing the brain to form the useless clumps of amyloid protein found in Alzheimer’s, which is the focus of new drug treatments.
How does fructose carry out such a blitz on our bodies? Why would the body run a program that was potentially so lethal?
“It would be wrong to think of fructose as some sort of major toxin, although it becomes neurotoxic in excess,” says Professor Johnson. “Instead, its remarkable range of effects are part of an ancient set of biological programs, which we call the ‘Survival Switch’, that work to prepare animals for hibernation, storing supplies in preparation for times of famine.” This is why fat storage increases and energy drops off producing brain fog. The trouble is we never run out of food or fructose.
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