05/08/2025
CAN BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS BE A SIGN OF DENTAL PAIN?
Yes absolutely! A wide range of behaviour problems can be caused by the horse having dental issues. However, many horse owners and caretakers do have difficulty recognising behaviours associated with dental pain.
Fascinating research looking at the relationship between horse behaviour and dental problems – specifically in the cheek teeth – has been published by equine scientists in Finland. In this study, a dental examination was performed on 183 adult horses and cheek tooth findings were scored. The researchers found that 95% (yes you read that correctly – 95%!) had one or more abnormal findings in the cheek teeth.
The 183 horses were made up of 74 mares, 103 geldings, and six stallions of varying breeds with ages ranging from 5-28. All horses were sedated for the dental examination. The examination was performed with an endoscope in 104 horses and with a mirror in 79 horses. Six horses had received pain medication during the previous week.
Each horse's owner was asked to complete a questionnaire including 35 questions concerning the eating behaviour, bit-related behaviour, and general behaviour of their horse. The owners reported a wide variety of behaviours, including eating slowly, turning the head when eating, dropping food from the mouth, headshaking when the bit was used, headshyness, resisting bridling, avoiding drinking cold water, and aggressive behaviour. Weight loss, halitosis and even impaction colic had been reported in some horses. The behavioural signs noted were compared to the dental results.
The team found that 76% had infundibular caries and 65% had peripheral caries. Fissures were reported in 69%, diastemas (gaps between the teeth) in 38%, secondary dentine defects in 32% and fractures in 27% of the horses. Nine of the horses had no dental findings. At least one finding in one cheek tooth or more was detected in 95% of the horses.
Broadened or darkened fissures, complicated fractures and secondary dentine defects (of at least the second degree) were associated with the horse displaying at least five behavioural signs. Horses with at least one potentially painful cheek tooth finding displayed significantly higher number of abnormal eating, bit-related, and general behaviours than horses with no findings.
The results suggest that the cheek tooth findings highlighted in this research are potentially painful. We would recommend reading the study and taking note of the behaviours listed. If your horse is displaying any of the behaviours mentioned (or indeed any unusual oral behaviour) then arrange a dental examination by a qualified equine dentist as soon as possible. We all know how painful dental issues can be! Regular dental examinations are vital to ensure dental disease is found early and the development of painful conditions prevented.
The study is open access and free to read: Laukkanen et al. Behavioral Signs Associated With Equine Cheek Tooth Findings. J Equine Vet Sci. 2023 Feb; 121:104198.