04/11/2022
When it comes to diabetes, most people think of insulin shots, healthy eating and an understandable avoidance of all carbohydrates. Yet, one of the lesser-known realities of diabetes is the effect the disease has on your lower limb region, especially your feet.
Whilst foot problems are certainly not the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of diabetes, they are some of the more serious consequences of living with the condition.
Wounds, chronic ulcers, poor circulation, peripheral neuropathy, ingrown toenails, you name it… In fact, about 15% of people who have diabetes will experience a diabetic ulcer or open wound on their foot and/or lower limb.
This is why general foot care and maintenance is so important for diabetics. Consider for a moment the realty of a diabetic ulcer…Delayed healing, months of recovery, mounting doctors bills, wound dressings, immobility, extended periods of sick leave, the list goes on and on.
It is therefore understandable, under these circumstances, that avoiding a diabetic ulcer is something diabetics generally take pretty seriously.
So what can a diabetic patient do to reduce the risk of an ulcer forming?
1. Manage your sugar levels – whether this is done through healthy and balanced eating habits, or through the use of insulin, managing your blood sugar levels is the most effective way to reduce lower limb complications. High Blood Sugar levels are well known to reduce blood flow and damage your nerves, such effects are particularly pronounced in your lower limb.
2. Wash your feet thoroughly – do this day and night, ensuring you clean well between your toes. This reduces the amount of bacteria on your feet, so that any cuts or abrasions that you may have are less likely to become infected.
3. Inspect your feet daily – use a small mirror (such as a compact) to inspect your feet in detail every day. The most common reason for diabetic ulcers becoming infected is a delay in treatment. This often occurs as a result of a two factors working in combination with one another, namely; lost nerve function and a lack of awareness that there’s damage (diabetics often can’t feel that they’ve hurt their feet).
4. Moisturise your feet twice daily – A urea-based cream works best, but any cream you have on hand will do. Remember to avoid rubbing the cream between your toes as the added moisture and naturally dark environment can create a breeding ground for various bacteria and funguses (think athletes’ foot).
5. Always wear shoes/sandals – it is important to protect your feet as best you can as a diabetic. A stray nail, scorching pavements or even a long-lost shard of glass or paper clip could all spell doom for a diabetic. Always keep a comfortable pair of shoes or sandals near by for when you need to leave the comfort of your home and opt for a comfortable pair of slippers or trainers for around the house. Walking around barefoot should be avoided.
6. Take any cuts or bruises seriously – if you notice you’ve cut or bruised your feet in any way it is important to clean the wound immediately. It is also a good idea to keep a sterile wound dressing on hand that you can use in these circumstances. (Helen to advise on what would be appropriate). We suggest monitoring the wound for no more than 2 days to see whether you are able to heal on your own. Thereafter, should you experience a delay in healing you’ll need to see a podiatrist or wound care specialist as soon as possible. Tell-tale signs of delayed healing include a milky discharge (pus), warmth or redness at the wound site, a bad odor, pain and fever as well as any level of darkening around the edge of the wound. These are all symptoms of increased infection that would result in delays to your healing ability. Bear in mind that you will probably need antibiotics if the redness extends 2cm beyond the wound site.
A good way to ensure that you’re aware of the changes to your feet as a diabetic is to have a diabetic assessment conducted on your feet. This can be done by your local podiatrist. During a diabetic assessment, a podiatrist will assess your nerve function, blood flow, average sugar levels, health and family history among other factors. For more information about Helen Robins Podiatrist visit: https://www.helenrobinspodiatrist.com/