27/07/2025
Main Stages of Dementia
1. Preclinical Stage (No Obvious Symptoms)
Symptoms: No outward signs, but changes may be happening in the brain.
Detected only through biomarkers (e.g. in Alzheimer’s).
Person functions normally.
2. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Symptoms:
Slight but noticeable memory problems.
Trouble with complex tasks or decision-making.
Occasional word-finding difficulties.
Impact: Doesn’t significantly affect daily life but noticeable to close family.
3. Mild (Early-Stage) Dementia
Symptoms:
Increasing forgetfulness (recent events, names, appointments).
Repeating questions or stories.
Trouble with planning, organizing, or following instructions.
Mild personality or mood changes
4. Moderate (Middle-Stage) Dementia
Symptoms:
Worsening memory loss, including long-term memory.
Confusion about time and place.
Difficulty recognizing familiar people.
Problems with language, reading, and writing.
Wandering or getting lost.
Significant changes in personality or behavior (suspicion, agitation, depression).
Trouble with basic tasks (dressing, bathing, toileting).
Impact: Daily assistance is usually required.
5. Severe (Late-Stage) Dementia
Symptoms:
Profound memory loss (including names of close family).
Limited or no verbal communication.
Difficulty swallowing and eating.
Incontinence.
Severe mobility issues — may become bedridden.
Complete dependence on others for care.
Impact: Full-time care is needed; risk of infections and complications is high.
Common Types of Dementia & Specific Symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease (most common)
Memory loss is the main early symptom.
Later includes confusion, language difficulties, and disorientation.
Vascular Dementia
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain (e.g., after strokes).
Symptoms may appear suddenly and vary — problems with planning, decision-making, and movement.
Lewy Body Dementia
Hallucinations, Parkinson-like movement symptoms, fluctuating alertness.
Frontotemporal Dementia
Early changes in personality, judgment, and language.
Often affects younger people (under 65).