13/01/2026
Let's explain a Baker's Cyst anatomy π€
Baker's Cyst, also known as a popliteal synovial cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops in the popliteal fossa (the hallow space at the back of the knee). It is typical caused by the protrusion of the semi-membranosus bursa due to underlying knee joint issues.
Most baker's cysts are found incidentally and are asymptomatic. However, when symptoms occur, they often include the following π
SYMPTOMS:
Physical Signs - visible swelling or prominence in the back of the knee, leg edema and decreased range of motion. Foucher Sign - a classic clinical finding where the cyst becomes firm when the knee is fully extended and softens when the knee is bent (flexed). Pain & Sensation - discomfort in the popliteal space, especially during prolonged standing or hyper flexion. In some cases it can cause "shooting" (lancinating) pain down the back of the leg.
CAUSES & MECHANISM:
The cyst is essentially a "safety valve" for the knee. When the knee joint produces too much synovial fluid (often due to inflammation or injury), the fluid is pushed into the bursa at the base of the joint. Common underlying conditions are osteo-arthritis, meniscal tears, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Note, in children these cysts are usually primary (they arise on their own without injury). In adults its secondary to another pathology.
TREATMENT:
Treatment usually focuses on the underlying cause of the fluid buildup rather than the cyst itself. Reducing swelling, improving knee flexibility and strength as well as addressing underlying causes with techniques like manual therapy, mobilization and strengthening excercises to stabilize the joint and ease pain.
Treatment available, contact me for more info ππ