Abraham Oncology

05/01/2026

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02/01/2026

Biomarkers in oncology are measurable biological features that give information about a cancer. They can be found in tumor tissue, blood, urine, or other body fluids, and they help doctors understand how a cancer behaves and how it might respond to treatment.

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What counts as a biomarker?

In cancer care, biomarkers can include:
• Genes or gene mutations (e.g., changes in DNA)
• Proteins made by cancer cells
• Hormone receptors
• Molecules in blood (sometimes called tumor markers)

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Main types of oncology biomarkers

1. Diagnostic biomarkers

Help confirm the presence or type of cancer
📌 Example: PSA levels in prostate cancer

2. Prognostic biomarkers

Give information about how aggressive the cancer is or likely outcomes
📌 Example: Tumor grade or certain gene expression patterns

3. Predictive biomarkers

Predict whether a patient will benefit from a specific treatment
📌 Example: HER2 positivity predicting response to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer

4. Monitoring biomarkers

Track how well treatment is working or detect recurrence
📌 Example: Falling tumor marker levels during chemotherapy

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How biomarkers are useful in treatment planning

🔹 Personalized (precision) medicine

Biomarkers allow treatment to be tailored to the individual rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach.

🔹 Choosing the right therapy

They help determine:
• Whether targeted therapy will work
• Whether immunotherapy is likely to be effective
• Whether standard chemotherapy is needed

📌 Example:
• EGFR mutation → EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer
• PD-L1 expression → Immunotherapy eligibilit

01/01/2026

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31/12/2025

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24/12/2025

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24/12/2025

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15/12/2025

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