Nursing With Iven

11/07/2024

What does it mean to be a nurse?

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12/01/2024

CBPR
DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLES
Israel et al defined CBPR as focusing on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and integrate the knowledge gained with action to benefit the community involved.
PRINCIPLES
Characteristics of the CBPR approach include (a) recognizing the community as a unit of identity
, (b) building on the strengths and resources of the community,
(c) promoting colearning among research partners,
(d) achieving a balance between research and action that mutually benefits both science and the community,
(e) emphasizing the relevance of community-defined problems,
(f) employing a cyclical and iterative process to develop and maintain community/research partnerships,
(g) disseminating knowledge gained from the CBPR project to and by all involved partners, and
(h) requiring long-term commitment on the part of all partners.

11/01/2024

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT/ RESEARCH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

*STEPS IN OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION*

1. Establish Existence of an outbreak
2. ⁠confirm or Verify Diagnosis
3. ⁠Define and Identify cases
4. ⁠Perform Descriptive Epidemiology using Time, person and Place
5. ⁠Determine Who is at Risk
6. ⁠Develop Hypothesis
7. ⁠Evaluate Hypothesis
8. ⁠Perform additional studies (identify control and preventive measures)
9. ⁠implement control and preventive measures
10. ⁠Communicate Finding

*REASONS FOR CONDUCTING OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION*

1. Determine cause of disease
2. ⁠Identify Sources of infection
3. ⁠Determine mode of transmission
4. ⁠Understand who is at risk
5. ⁠Find control and preventive measures

11/01/2024

May Exams Are Coming I think we will be dealing with PHN courses now
- Research and Epidermiology
- Community Engagement
- Occupational Health and Safety
-Leadership and Management
-Paediatrics and Paediatric Nursing

10/01/2024

What is the most difficult Condition to manage?

09/01/2024

WHAT IS HYPERTENSION?

Hypertension also Called High Blood pressure is a condition in which the blood flow in the blood vessels is persistently high characterized by Systolic pressure of 140mmHg or higher and Diastolic pressure of 90mmHg and above.

CAUSES/RISK FACTORS

1. Age
2. Family History of Hypertension
3. Obesity or Over weight
4. Smoking 🚬
5. Excessive Alcohol Consumption 🍺
6. Too much salt or sodium 🧂
7. Less Exercise 🏃
8. Low potassium intake 🥘
9. Chronic conditions
10. Pregnancy 🤰

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Hypertension is asymptomatic in most cases but people can exhibit these signs

1. Headaches
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Chest pains
4. Blurred vision
5. Difficulty in breathing
6. Anxiety
7. Confusion
8. Nose bleed

COMPLICATIONS

1. Stroke
2. Aneurysm
3. Heart failure
4. Dementia
5. Eye problems
6. Metabolic syndrome
7. kidney problems

Management in the Comments

08/01/2024

WHAT IS PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a general term used to describe infection of the reproductive organs, (Uterus lining, Fallopian tubes, or ovaries) or pelvic peritoneum, or connective tissue usually due to bacterial infection and is characterized by lower abdominal pains and foul smelling va**nal discharge.

ENDOMETRITIS: this is inflammation that is present in the lining tissue of the uterus
CERVICITIS : this is the inflammation of the cervix
SALPINGITIS : this is the inflammation of the Fallopian tubes
SALPINGO OOPHRITIS: this is inflammation of the Fallopian tubes and the ovaries
OOPHRITIS: is the inflammation of the ovaries

CAUSES ( First two are most common)

1. Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Neisseria gonorrheae
3. Mycoplasma hominis
4. Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
5. Haemophilus influenza etc

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

Multiple s*x partners
Unsafe s*xual habits
Use of IUD contraceptive
Women with STD
Douching regularly
D & C (Dilatation and curettage)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The cervix usually prevents bacteria in the va**na from spreading up into the internal organs but if the cervix is exposed to a s*xually transmitted infection (STIs), such as Gonorrhea or Chlamydia, the cervix becomes infected.
The micro organisms move upwards to the Fallopian tubes, where it invades other cells. Multiplies within and beneath these cells and spread to other organs resulting in acute inflammation and scarring. This results in the formation of purulent materials to be collected in the area e.g the tubes. Adhesions and strictures form leading to occlusion of the tubes causing ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1. Abnormal or unusual va**nal discharge
2. Bleeding after in*******se due to bruising of the va**nal mucosa
3. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
4. Pain during urination (dysuria)
5. Painful in*******se (dyspareunia)
6. Pain in the anus/rectum
7. Raised temperature and fever
8. Irregular periods
9. Spotting or cramp