Health Care and Pharmaceutical Sciences

15/03/2025

ANTACID + SIMETHICONE

USES
Relieves heartburn, indigestion, bloating, and gas.

Used for GERD and peptic ulcers.

SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, belching.

Long-term use may cause electrolyte imbalances.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Severe kidney disease, hypersensitivity, and hypercalcemia.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Antacids neutralize stomach acid.

Simethicone breaks down gas bubbles for easy passage.

13/03/2025

ANTACID
A medication that neutralizes stomach acid to relieve heartburn and indigestion.

SIDE EFFECTS
Common: Constipation (aluminum, calcium), diarrhea (magnesium), bloating.

Serious: Kidney issues, electrolyte imbalance, drug interactions.

ADVERSE EFFECTS
Severe reactions like alkalosis, hypercalcemia, or kidney failure in excessive use.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Neutralizes stomach acid (HCl) → raises pH → reduces irritation and pepsin activity.

09/03/2025

ANASTROZOLE

USES
Treats hormone-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, prevents recurrence, and is sometimes used off-label for infertility or gynecomastia.

SIDE EFFECTS
Hot flashes, fatigue, nausea, joint pain, headaches, sweating.

ADVERSE EFFECTS
Osteoporosis, heart disease, liver issues, mood changes.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Not for premenopausal women, pregnancy, liver disease, or allergy to the drug.

MECHANISM
Blocks aromatase, reducing estrogen levels to slow cancer growth.

09/03/2025

05/03/2025

AMPICILIN

USES
Treats respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, skin, and bloodstream infections.

Used for meningitis, endocarditis, and gynecological infections.

SIDE EFFECTS

Common: Nausea, diarrhea, rash.

Serious: Allergic reactions, C. difficile diarrhea, liver issues, blood cell changes, seizures (rare).

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Penicillin allergy
Infectious mononucleosis (causes severe rash)
Severe kidney disease

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death.

Often combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., sulbactam) for better efficacy.

06/01/2025

AMPHOTERICIN B

USES

1. Treats severe fungal infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis.

2. Used for fungal meningitis and leishmaniasis.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes, creating pores.

Causes leakage of ions, leading to fungal cell death.

SIDE EFFECTS
COMMON: Fever, chills, nausea, headache.

SERIOUS: Nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, anemia, liver damage, arrhythmias.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to amphotericin B.

Caution in renal/hepatic impairment or pregnancy.

NOTE: Liposomal formulations are less toxic.

28/12/2024

AMOXICILLIN + CLAVULANIC ACID

USES
Bacterial infections (respiratory, skin, UTI).

SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea, diarrhea, rash.

ADVERSE EFFECTS
Allergies, liver damage, severe diarrhea, rare skin reactions.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Penicillin allergy, liver issues, severe kidney disease.

ACTION
Amoxicillin kills bacteria; clavulanic acid blocks resistance enzymes.

25/12/2024

LANSOPRAZOLE + CLARITHROMYCIN + TINIDAZOLE

USES
Treats H. pylori infection and ulcers.

SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, metallic taste.

ADVERSE EFFECTS
Allergies, liver toxicity, QT prolongation.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Allergy, liver/kidney issues, pregnancy, alcohol (Tinidazole).

16/12/2024

AMOXICILLIN

USES
Treats bacterial infections (respiratory, ear, throat, UTIs, skin, H. pylori).

MECHANISM
Disrupts bacterial cell walls, causing death.

SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea, rash, diarrhea, headache; rarely, allergic reactions or severe diarrhea (C. difficile).

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Allergy to penicillin, severe kidney issues, mononucleosis (rash risk)

07/12/2024

AMLODIPINE + TELMISARTAN

USES
Treats high blood pressure, prevents heart attack/stroke.

MECHANISM
Relaxes blood vessels (amlodipine) + prevents narrowing (telmisartan).

SIDE EFFECTS
Dizziness, swelling, headache; rare: kidney issues, high potassium.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Pregnancy, severe liver/kidney problems.

02/12/2024

AMLODIPINE + OLMESARTAN

USES
Treats high blood pressure.

MECHANISM
Amlodipine: Relaxes blood vessels.

OLMESARTAN
Blocks angiotensin II to lower pressure.

SIDE EFFECTS
Headache, dizziness, swelling, fatigue.

CONTRAINDICATIONS
Pregnancy, severe kidney/liver issues, allergy.

PRECAUTION
Monitor blood pressure and kidney function.