10/07/2025
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)
DKA is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones, which are acidic substances that can poison the body.
WHAT CAUSES DKA?
1. HYPERGLYCEMIA (High blood sugars): DKA often occurs in people with type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes.
2. INSUFFICIENT INSULIN💉: When the body doesn't have enough insulin, it can't use glucose for energy and starts breaking down fat for fuel, producing ketones.
3. INFECTIONS or ILLNESSES🤒🤢: Infections, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections, can trigger DKA.
4. MEDICATION NON-ADHERANCE💊: Missing or taking insufficient doses of insulin or oral diabetes medications can lead to DKA.
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS?
1. Increased thirst and urination
2. Nausea and vomiting 🤮
3. Abdominal pain
4. Fatigue
5. Fruity-smelling breath
6. Rapid heartbeat 💗
7. Confusion or altered mental state
TREATMENT 💊💉(⚠️:Only at the hospital)
1. FLUID REPLACEMENT: Administering intravenous fluids to rehydrate the body.
2. INSULIN THERAPY: Administering insulin to lower blood sugar levels and reduce ketone production.
3. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT: Replacing potassium and other essential electrolytes.
4. MONITORING: Closely monitoring blood sugar levels, ketone levels, and electrolyte levels.
WHAT IS THE PREVENTION?
1. Adhering to medication regimens💊
2. Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly
3. Staying hydrated 🥛
4. Seeking medical attention PROMPTLY if symptoms of DKA occur👨⚕️
If you suspect someone with T1/T2D has DKA, seek medical attention immediately. Prompt treatment can help prevent serious complications and even death.
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