21/10/2025
* Part Of Pharmacology :
* Chapter Of Medications Use In Pregnancy.
* Drugs That Cause Problems During Pregnancy :
* Drugs To avoid When Pregnant :
These Are The Drugs To avoid when pregnant because these drugs Cause Problems During Pregnancy.
1- Antibiotics
1 - Fluoroquinolones ( Such as ciprofloxacin , Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Norfloxacin ) .
2 - Nitrofurantoin
3 - Streptomycin
4 - Sulfonamides ( Such as Sulfasalazine and Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole) .
5 - Tetracycline
* Abnormalities Caused By These Drugs.
Possibility of bone and joint abnormalities (seen only in animals)
2 - Anticonvulsants
1 - Carbamazepine
2 - Phenobarbital
3 - Phenytoin
4 - Valproate
* Abnormalities Caused By These Drugs
1- Bleeding problems in the newborn. This Problem Can be prevented by Taking Vitamin K Orally 30 Days Before Delivery
Cause Risk of birth defects, including neural tube defects (such as spina bifida) .
2 - Volproate Cause Some (1%) risk of birth defects, including a neural tube defects (such as a meningomyelocele), cleft palate, and defects of face, the heart, skull, limbs , and spine.
3 - Antihypertensives
A - Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
1 - Captopril
2 - Benazepril
3 - Fosinopril
4 - Enalapril
5 - Lisinopril
6 - Quinapril
7 - Ramipril
8 - Trandolapril
9 - Perindopril
* Abnormalities Caused By These Drugs : Serious Injury To The Fetus ,May Cause Kidney Damage In The Fetus ,Reduce Amniotic Fluid,Also Cause Defects Of Lungs ,Face And Limbs .
A - Calcium Channel Blockers :
1 - Isradipine
2 - Nisoldipine
3 - Amlodipine
4 - Verapamil
5 - Nifedipine (sustained-release only)
6 - Diltiazem(sustained-release only)
7 - Nicardipine
8 - Felodipine
* Abnormalities Caused By CCB :
Fluid retention in the ankles ,Dizziness, headache, flushing, heartburn,an abnormally fast heart rate (tachycardia) And enlarged gums .
Verapamil also caused Constipation .
C - Beta Blockers Drugs :
1 - Atenolol
2 - Bisoprolol
3 - Metoprolol
4 - Acebutolol
5 - Nadolol
6 - Penbutolol
7 - Propranolol
8 - Betaxolol
9 - Carteolol
10 - Timolol
11 - Nebivolol
12 - Pindolol
* Problems Caused By Beta Blockers :
Beta Blockers Caused Slow Growth Rate In The Fetus And Also Cause Low Level Of Blood Sugar And Low Heart Rate .
D - Thiazide Diuretics :
1 - Chlorothiazide
2 - Bendroflumethiazide
3 - Hydroflumethiazide
4 - Chlorthalidone
5 - Hydrochlorothiazide
6 - Methyclothiazide
7 - Metolazone
8 - Indapamide
* Problems Caused By Diuretics :
Taking Thiazide Diuretics During Pregnancy Will Cause Decrease In The Level Of oxygen,Potasium Sodium.Also Decrease In Number Of Platelets In The Fetus. Inadequate Growth Before Birth .
4 - Antianxiety drug :
1 - Diazepam
* Abnormalities Caused By Diazepam :
When This Drug Is Taken In The Third Trimester Of Pregnancy It cause irritability, exaggerated reflexes in the newborn depression, and shaking .
5 - Mood - Stabilizing - Drug :
1 - Lithium
* Abnormalities :
Poor feeding, Lethargy, reduced muscle tone, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in the newborn And underactivity of the thyroid gland .
6 - Non Steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
1 - Naproxen
2 - Ibuprofen
3 - Aspirin and other salicylates
* Problems Or Abnormalities :
When the medication are taken in large doses, probably miscarriages during the first trimester, a delay within thebegin of labor, premature closing of the connection between the aorta and artery to the lungs (ductus arteriosus), jaundice, necrotizing enterocolitis (damage to the liner of the intestine), and (occasionally) brain injury within thefoetus and bleeding issues within the woman throughout and after delivery and/or within the newborn .
When the medication are taken late in pregnancy , a discount in the amount of fluid round the developing foetus .
7 - S*x Hormones:
1- Synthetic progestins (but not the low doses used in oral contraceptives) .
2 - Danazol
(When Synthetic Progestin And Danazol are taken In The early stages Of pregnancy, masculinization of a female fetus’s ge****ls, sometimes requiring surgery for correction) .
3 - Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
(Abnormalities of the p***s in sons.Abnormalities of the uterus, an increased risk of vaginal cancer ,menstrual problems, and complications during pregnancy in daughters ) .
8 - Vaccines :
Vaccines for polio, measles, mumps or yellow fever
This Vaccine cause Potential infection of the placenta and developing fetus .
Vaccine for chickenpox (varicella) and rubella .
This Is Associated With Unknown Risks .
9 - Drugs Used In Skin Treatment :
1 - Isotretinoin
2 - Etretinate
* Problems :
Both Of these Drugs Cause Birth defects, such as small ears, heart defects, and hydrocephalus .
While Isotretinoin Also Cause Intellectual disability And Risk of miscarriage .
10 - Oral Diabetic Drugs :
1 - Metformin
2 - Glyburide
3 - Tolbutamide
4 - Chlorpropamide
* Problems/Abnormalities Caused By These Drugs :
1 - Inadequate control of diabetes in the pregnant woman
2 - When a Pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes Take The Drugs, possibility of increased risk of miscarriage Are More .
3 - Also Cause a very low blood sugar level in the newborn.
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