27/01/2026
Coeliac 2
What causes coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition. This is where the immune system (the body’s defence against infection) mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. In coeliac disease the immune system mistakes substances found inside gluten as a threat to the body and attacks them.
This damages the surface of the small bowel disrupting the body’s ability to take nutrients from food. It is not entirely clear what causes the immune system to act in this way, but a combination of genetics and the environment appear to play a part.
Complications of coeliac disease
These only affect people who continue to eat gluten, or those who have not yet been diagnosed, which can be a common problem in milder cases. Potential long complications can include:
• Weakening of bones
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Vitamin B 12 or folate deficiency
Less common and more serious complications include some types of cancer, such as bowel and problems affecting pregnancy, such as your baby having low birth weight.