13/04/2026
When a couple encounters difficulty conceiving, the conversation often centres on the woman.
Yet male factor infertility accounts for roughly 40 to 50 percent of all infertility cases, making it just as important to evaluate both partners early in the process.
Male fertility is primarily determined by the health of s***m, and this can be affected in several ways. S***m count is one of the most fundamental factors. A low count, known as oligos***mia, significantly reduces the probability of natural conception, while in some cases s***m may be absent from the ej*****te altogether, a condition called azoos***mia. Equally important is how well the s***m move. Even when count is adequate, poor motility means the s***m struggle to reach and fertilise the egg. The shape of the s***m, referred to as morphology, also plays a role, as abnormally formed s***m are less effective at penetrating the egg’s outer layer.
Beyond these, there are structural and lifestyle factors worth considering. A varicocele, which is an enlargement of the veins within the sc***um, can raise the temperature around the te**es and impair s***m production. It is also one of the most treatable causes of male infertility when identified. Hormonal imbalances, including low testosterone, can similarly affect the body’s ability to produce s***m in adequate quantities. On the lifestyle side, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and habitual exposure to heat in the testicular area have all been shown to negatively affect s***m quality.
For anyone planning to start a family, a semen analysis is a straightforward, non-invasive first step that provides a clear picture of s***m health. Treatment options, if needed, range from lifestyle adjustments and medication through to microsurgical s***m retrieval for more complex cases. The earlier a problem is identified, the broader the range of options available.
Dr Joe Lee, Urologist and Men’s Health Specialist at Asian Healthcare Specialists, provides compassionate, confidential care for men navigating fertility concerns.
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