Raees Physiotherapy and Rehab Clinic Taunsa

18/01/2024

🍁Polymyalgia rheumatica is a condition which causes inflammation and pain in a number of joints. It usually affects women but can also be a problem for men.

🌼🌻Causes🌻🌼
The cause of polymyalgia rheumatica is unknown. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to be responsible. The disease has a very sudden onset.

🌸🌸🌸Sign & Symptoms🌸🌸🌸

🌺Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica may include:🌺
-Early morning stiffness
-Pain
-Fever
-Weight loss
-Anxiety and depression
-Anaemia
-Unable to carry out your normal activities of daily living

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

🔵🔵🔹Prevalence 🔹🔵🔵

Male : Female
1.7 : 3

🔹🔹🔵🔵Diagnosis🔵🔵🔹🔹

🏵Possible tests include:🏵

•• Blood tests

1)CBC
2)ESR
3)CRP

•• Physical Examination:

_ Wide spread shoulder pain
_ Restricted and painful active range of motion of the shoulders, neck and hips (particularly shoulder flexion and hip flexion)
_ Passive range of motion is often reduced
_ Tenderness to palpation, around the neck, shoulders and greater trochanter
_ Muscle weakness is not common, although may be present secondary to pain

•• Normal neurological examination

•• MRI scan

💊💊💉Medications💉💊💊

°°° Corticosteroids.

Polymyalgia rheumatica is usually treated with a low dose of an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone (Rayos). You'll likely start to feel relief from pain and stiffness within the first two or three days

°°° Calcium and vitamin D.

Your doctor will likely prescribe daily doses of calcium and vitamin D supplements to help prevent bone loss as a result of corticosteroid treatment.


°°° Methotrexate.

Joint guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism suggest using methotrexate (Trexall) with corticosteroids in some patients. This is an immune-suppressing medication that's taken by mouth. It might be useful early in the course of treatment or later, if you relapse or don't respond to corticosteroids.

°°° Biphosphonate.

The nationally recommended treatment for this is medicine called bisphosphonates (biss-foss-fo-nates). These are a group of drugs that can slow down or prevent bone loss. You can ask your doctor about treatment with bisphosphonates. Examples include alendronate and risedronate.

°°° NSAID (ibuprofen and naproxen)

◾⬛🔲Physical Therapy🔲⬛◾

💠Range of movement exercises

💠Strengthening exercises

⚡Electrotherapy including

🔸Pain control modalities

🔸TENS treatment for pain relief

💠Hydrotherapy

💠Wax therapy

💠Heat therapy

💠Ultrasound and Megapulse

💠Cardiovascular activities

💠Massage

💠Provision of specialist equipment to help you at home

💠Pacing advice

⏺Lifestyle management⏺

~Eat a healthy diet
~Exercise regularly
~Get enough rest
~Use assistive devices

15/01/2024

Kyphosis is a forward rounding of the back. Some rounding is normal, but the term "kyphosis" usually refers to an exaggerated rounding of the back. While kyphosis can occur at any age, it's most common in older women

💢:::- CAUSES -:::💢

🔹Osteoporosis.

🔹Disk degeneration.

🔹Scheuermann's disease.

🔹Birth defects.

🔹Syndromes. Marfan syndrome or Prader-Willi disease.

🔹Cancer and cancer treatments.

-----------------------------

⏹Common Types of Kyphosis⏹

◾Postural kyphosis is caused by poor posture and weak back muscles.

◾Scheuermann's kyphosis is the result of a structural deformity, causing the vertebrae to become wedge shaped.

◾Congenital kyphosis is the least common type of kyphosis. It’s caused by an abnormal formation of the vertebrae before birth.

⭕:::- COMPLICATIONS -:::⭕

Kyphosis may cause the following complications:

🔸Body image problems.
🔸Back pain.
🔸Decreased appetite.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

⬛:::-Imaging tests-:::⬛
Depending upon your signs and symptoms, you may need:

∆- X-rays.
∆- Computerized tomography (CT scan
∆- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

💠💠:-Medications-:💠💠

💊💉Pain relievers.

💊💉Osteoporosis drugs.

Exercises🏋🏻. Stretching exercises can improve spinal flexibility and relieve back pain. Exercises that strengthen the abdominal muscles may help improve posture.

⛔Superman

Lying on stomach, extend hands in front of head.Keeping head in a neutral position, looking toward floor, lift both arms and legs up toward the ceiling.Feel as if you’re reaching far away from your body with hands and feet. Hold for 3 seconds and repeat 10 times.


⛔Thoracic foam rolling

Lie on the floor with a foam roller under you, across your mid-back.Gently roll up and down on the foam roller, massaging the muscles of your back and thoracic spine

⛔Arm raising

Stand with your arms at your sides and your palms facing forwards. Raise your arms and bend them at the elbows so your upper arms are parallel to the ground and your palms face forwards, like you’re imitating a goalpost. Hold this position for five to ten seconds.

⛔Shoulder blade squeeze

Sit or stand with an upright posture and your shoulders pulled back. Squeeze your shoulder blades together as tightly as you can and hold for five to ten seconds. Release and repeat.
You can repeat this exercise three to five times per set and complete two sets daily.

⛔Push ups

Lie flat on the floor on your stomach with your hands on the ground, just on either side of your shoulders. Gently push your body up off the ground, with either your knees or your toes on the ground. Keep your back and legs as straight as possible. Gently lower yourself back to the ground and repeat.

⛔Back Extension Gentle

Lie on your front on a bed or the floor, and rest on your forearms. Your back will be gently arched. Hold this position for no longer than two minutes. Start gently with this exercise as it can cause some stiffness when you first begin.

⛔Lying Extension Swiss Ball

Start by sitting on a Swiss ball, and roll the ball under you so that your back is flat on the ball. The ball contours should follow the curve of your spine. Let your back extend over the ball as you relax your arms out to your side. Hold this position to create an extension to your mid and upper back. To make the exercise stronger, move your arms above your head. Hold this position for thirty seconds, and repeat three times.

⛔Thoracic Extension Using Chair

Kneel on the floor next to a chair or bench. Place your elbows above your head and rest them on the chair. Slowly extend your back, creating an arch to add extension to your spine. Return to the start position, and repeat as required. This is an extension exercise for the upper back. Hold the stretch for up to one minute, and repeat three times.

⛔Standing shoulder flexion

From a standing position with straight arms, have the client raise their arm slowly in front of their body, finishing in full flexion overhead. The severity of the kyphosis will determine their full range of motion passively.An assisted stretch can be achieved if the flexion is guided with external pressure provided by the exercise specialist at the end of the range of motion.Hold for 20 to 60 seconds keeping the shoulder down in the socket before returning to the start position.

🔲Thoracic joint mobilizations are required in patients diagnosed with hyperkyphosis because of the reduced thoracic motion. eg.Scapular, myofascial and spinal mobilization techniques increase postural alignment

🔲Cat Cow

🔲Child pose

🔲Chin tuck

🔲Scapular retraction with depression

🔲Pain management using modalities such as heat, ice, and/or electrical stimulation such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).Muscle strengthening. Below there are a few examples of muscle strengthening

🔲Taping

May also reduce kyphosis. Tape from the anterior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint, over the muscle bulk of the upper trapezius, and diagonally over the spinous process of T6.

🔲Bracing.

Children who have Scheuermann's disease may be able to stop the progression of kyphosis by wearing a body brace while their bones are still growing.

🔲Posture Support Straps

Flexible kyphosis can be improved using strap systems that hold the torso in the correct alignment and posture.

🔲Carrying a bag correctly
Carrying a shoulder bag over a single arm can harm your posture — and not just because the weight of the bag bears down through the strap into your shoulder muscles. An empty bag will also cause you to contract your shoulder muscles and elevate your shoulder to keep the bag from sliding down your arm (A). Done regularly, this can create posture problems.If you use a bag with a shoulder strap, place the strap over your opposite shoulder (B).

🔲Healthy lifestyle.

Maintaining a healthy body weight and regular physical activity will help prevent back pain and relieve back symptoms from kyphosis.
🔲Maintaining good bone density.

Proper diet with calcium and vitamin D and screening for low bone density, particularly if there is a family history of osteoporosis or history of previous fracture, may help older adults avoid weak bones, compression fractures and subsequent kyphosis.

13/01/2024

Calendar 2024 in one page

13/01/2024

09/01/2024

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux, is a type of chronic pain disorder that involves sudden, severe facial pain. It affects the trigeminal nerve, or fifth cranial nerve, which provides feeling and nerve signaling to many parts of the head and face

⭕What is the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia?
➡Classical trigeminal neuralgia is caused by pressure on the trigeminal nerve close to where it enters the brain stem. In most cases the pressure is caused by an artery or vein squashing (compressing) the trigeminal nerve.
Diabetes , Certain medication , Swelling and irritation (inflammation) ,Trauma (including surgery , Pressure on nerves by nearby structures (e.g. blood vessels or tumours)
Swelling and irritation (inflammation)
Trauma (including surgery

⭕Symptoms
Trigeminal neuralgia symptoms may include one or more of these patterns:

◾Episodes of intense shooting or jabbing pain that may feel like an electric shock.
◾Sudden episodes of pain or pain triggered by touching the face, chewing, speaking or brushing your teeth.
◾Episodes of pain lasting from a few seconds to several minutes.
◾Pain that occurs with facial spasms.
Episodes of pain lasting days, weeks, months or longer. Some people have periods when they experience no pain.
◾Pain in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve. These areas include the cheek, jaw, teeth, gums or lips. Less often, the eye and forehead may be affected.
◾Pain on one side of the face at a time.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
⭕Triggers

Attacks of TN may be triggered by the following:

•Touching the skin lightly
•Washing
•Shaving
•Brushing teeth
•Blowing the nose
•Drinking hot or cold beverages
•Encountering a light breeze
•Applying makeup
•Smiling
•Talking
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
💊💉Medication
Carbamazepine
Topiramate
Phenytoin
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Vitamin B1_6_12
Acupoint injections of vitamin B12 are shown to be more effective than carbamazepine in treating Trigeminal neuralgia pain.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising alternative treatment that uses focused magnetic pulses to non-invasively modulate brain activity, a strategy that can potentially circumvent the adverse effects of available treatments for pain.

💉Glycerol injections – where a medicine called glycerol is injected around the Gasserian ganglion, where the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve join together

🎈Balloon compression – where a tiny balloon is passed along a thin tube that has been inserted through the cheek. The balloon is then inflated around the Gasserian ganglion to squeeze it; the balloon is then removed
------------------------------------------

🔵Physical therapy

◾Pain modalities for facial pain

◾Acupuncture to relieve pressure and facial pain

◾Heat therapy (for pain relief)
◾Stress management

◾Relaxation techniques

◾Cardiovascular exercise to improve overall health and fitness levels

◾Education on how to make lifestyle changes that may affect your condition – advice on diet, managing sleep and managing rest

◾Functional activities to help problems associated with daily living

◾Massage therapy, or RMT (Registered Massage Therapy), is a well-known and frequently used treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. A massage therapist will use specific techniques such as deep tissue massage, trigger point therapy, and myofascial release to address muscle tension in the face, neck, and jaw.

◾TENS was found to be effective in significantly reducing VAS score and increasing number of pain free patients. Therefore, it could be a treatment modality for trigeminal neuralgia as it is easy to use, non- invasive, cost effective and safe with no side effects.

✂⚔Open Surgery

Microvascular decompression involves microsurgical exposure of the trigeminal nerve root, identification of a blood vessel that may be compressing the nerve and gentle movement of the blood vessel away from the point of compression. Decompression may reduce sensitivity and allow the trigeminal nerve to recover and return to a more normal, pain-free condition. While this generally is the most effective surgery, it also is the most invasive, because it requires opening the skull through a craniotomy. There is a small risk of decreased hearing, facial weakness, facial numbness, double vision, stroke or death.

⭕Lesioning Procedures
Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy treats TN through the use of electrocoagulation (heat). It can relieve nerve pain by destroying the part of the nerve that causes pain and suppressing the pain signal to the brain. The surgeon passes a hollow needle through the cheek into the trigeminal nerve. A heating current, which is passed through an electrode, destroys some of the nerve fibers.

⭕Percutaneous balloon compression utilizes a needle that is passed through the cheek to the trigeminal nerve. The neurosurgeon places a balloon in the trigeminal nerve through a catheter. The balloon is inflated where fibers produce pain. The balloon compresses the nerve, injuring the pain-causing fibers, and is then removed.

❌Avoid
Caffeine, Citrus fruits and Bananas

09/01/2024

T4 Syndrome

06/01/2024

Spondylolisthesis

06/01/2024

3D anatomy

01/01/2024

"Supraspinatus tendonitis is a common shoulder problem, also known as “Shoulder Impingement Syndrome” or “Painful Arc Syndrome”.Supraspinatus tendonitis develops when there is repetitive friction on the tendon or it is repeatedly squashed or “impinged” in the subacromial space. This leads to inflammation and gradual degeneration of the tendon. In time, tears may also develop in the supraspinatus tendon leading to a partial or complete rotator cuff tear."

💠Common causes of painful arc syndrome include:

◾Repetitive Overhead Activities: activities where your arm is frequently raised, such as sports e.g. tennis and swimming, and gardening e.g. hedge trimming or pruning

◾Heavy Work: Repetitive heavy lifting overhead e.g. builders and labourers

◾Posture: spending long periods slouched forwards reduces the subacromial space

◾Genetic Predisposition: hereditary link

◾Injury: e.g. fall on to an outstretched hand

◾Age: The subacromial space tends to narrow with age due to wear and tear

◾Primary Shoulder Impingement: Bone spurs or abnormal acromion position/shape reduce the subacromial space

◾Secondary Shoulder Impingement: Dynamic shoulder instability – weakness in the rotator cuff muscles leads to poor control and thus friction

•••••••••••••••••••••••∆∆∆•••••••••••••••••••••••

🔵Common symptoms of painful arc syndrome include:

🔹Shoulder Pain: A deep aching, burning pain at the top and front of the shoulder and outer arm at rest which may radiate down the mid upper arm but rarely to the elbow. There may also be a sharp, catching pain when reaching up or moving the arm out to the side, or when twisting

🔹Painful Arc: An arc of pain, usually between 80-120o of shoulder abduction, when lifting the arm out to the side.
Movement in this range, both lifting up and lowering down is typically extremely painful, but outside this range movement is often pain-free.

🔹Functional Limitation:

🔹Sleep Disturbance:
______________________________________________

⭕⭕Diagnosis by special test ⭕⭕

⛔Hawkins Kennedy Test

Position: Arm supported in 90o shoulder and elbow flexion
Test: Forearm pushed downwards to internally rotate shoulder. Test is repeated bringing arm into different positions of adduction across the body
Positive Result: Pain in the shoulder

⛔Empty Can Test aka Jobe’s Test

Position: Both arms raised to 90degrees abduction and 30 degrees forwards flexion, thumbs pointing to ceiling
Test: Rotate arms so thumbs pointing down. Examiner pushes down through forearms while patient resists the movement
Positive Result: Pain in the shoulder

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

✨PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT✨

⬛Pendulum – (Cod man exercise)

In this exercise, you need to lean forward and place one hand on table for support and let your other arm hang freely at your side. Gently swing your arm backward and forward and repeat the exercise moving your arm side-to-side and then in a circular motion. Repeat the entire sequence with your other arm. You should ideally look at performing two sets of 10, four to five times a week.

⬛Cross-over arm stretch –

This works on your posterior deltoid muscle. Relax your shoulders and gently pull one arm across your chest as far as possible while holding at your upper arm. You will feel the posterior deltoid muscle stretch at the back of your shoulder. Hold the stretch for around half a minute and then relax for half a minute. Repeat with the other arm and perform four sets of repetitions on each side

⬛Isometric Horizontal Abduction

Start with the relaxed standing position.Now place the back of your hand against a wall and for support you can use a towel.Then press your hand into the wall as you try to lift your arm outside.Hold it for a few seconds.
Then return to your neutral position slowly.
Then relax.Repeat on the other side.Repeat 5-10 times on each side.

⬛Full Can Exercise-

Stand with your feet slightly apart. Keeping the elbow straight and thumb pointing up, elevate the arm midway between the front and sideways up to just below the shoulder level. Hold for 10 seconds and gently lower it down. Repeat ten times.


⬛Push Forward And Backward

Isometrics-Stand facing a wall. Hold your affected arm bent at 90 degrees at the elbow close to your body. Make a fist with your thumb on top and gently push your hand forward into the wall. Hold for 5 seconds and repeat ten times. Next, stand with your back and upper arm against a wall and your elbow bent at 90 degrees. Push your elbow gently back against the wall. Hold for 5 seconds and repeat ten times.

⬛Side-Lying External Rotation

Start with a relaxed left sideline position with your right elbow flexed at a ninety-degree angle and your palm resting against your abdomen.
Holding 1 or 2-pound weight in your right hand.
Then slowly lift the hand weight up in front of you until your forearm is straight up.Then slowly rotate your arm back to your belly and return to your neutral position.Then relax.
Repeat on the other side.Repeat 5-10 times on each side

⬛Shoulder Isometric external rotation

Start with the relaxed standing position.Now place a mini band around your wrists.Keep your elbows at a ninety-degree angle position.
Push your wrists outward into the band.Hold this position for a few seconds.Then slowly return to your neutral position.Then relax.
Repeat 5-10 times.

⬛Shoulder Isometric internal rotation

Start with the relaxed standing position.Attach the band to a door or some other object and face it.Then grasp the band in the hand of your affected arm.Keep your elbows at a ninety- degree angle position.Then bring the forearm inward of the body.Then return to your neutral position slowly.Then relax.Repeat on the other side.Repeat 5-10 times on each side.


⬛Prone Full Can Raise

Start with a relaxing prone position on the table.Now extend your arms straight forward at shoulder-width distance.Then turn your thumbs to face up, and lift your arms off the ground,Then slowly lower your hand and return to your neutral position.Then relax.Repeat on the other side.Repeat 5-10 times on each side

⬛Scapular protraction and retraction

Start with a relaxed standing position.Relax head and neck.Now squeeze your shoulders back.Avoid shrugging shoulders.Hold it for a few seconds.Then slowly return to your neutral position.Then relax.
Repeat 5-10 times.

⬛Band Seated Row

Start with relaxing and sitting on the floor with your legs extended.Keep your back straight and neck relaxed.You can place the resistance band around the soles of your feet.Then hold one end in each hand.Now pull the band toward your waist while squeezing the shoulder blades.Then slowly return to your neutral position.Then relax.
Repeat 5-10 times.

⬛Front Support on Medicine Ball

First, grab a medicine ball and place it under your hands.Now come up into a push-up position with your toes on the ground.
Hold this position for a few seconds.
Then return to your neutral position.Then relax.
Repeat 5-10 times.

⬛Sleeper stretch
Start with a relaxed side-line position with the affected shoulder under you and your arm bent.Then use your other hand to push your forearm down toward the floor.Press as far down until you feel a gentle stretch in the back of your shoulder.Hold it for a few seconds.
Then slowly return to your neutral position.
Then relax.Repeat on the other side.
Repeat 5-10 times on each side.

⏺ Deep tissue massage ⏺

⏺ Ultrasound therapy ⏺

⏺Ice-Cube Massage⏺

⏺ Corticosteroid Injections ⏺

💢Precautions Are Required During Exercise?

🔸Maintain good posture while performing exercise.
🔸Avoid painful exercise.
🔸Take a rest during the exercise.
🔸If you feel discomfort during this exercise then stop immediately.

💢When did you not do the exercise?

🔸If your arm bone is recently fractured.
🔸Severe muscle burning.
🔸Swelling or pain at joints.
🔸You’re feeling sick.
🔸If you feel any pain or numbness.
🔸Fever
🔸Headache

27/12/2023

⬛Torticollis is a stiff neck that makes it hard or painful to turn your head. In older kids and adults, it can happen after sleeping in a funny position. Babies can be born with a stiff neck, but the condition is a little different and not painful

💠causes torticollis?

There are various causes of torticollis; this leaflet explains the muscular torticollis for which you have been referred to physiotherapy. In some cases, it is not clear why a baby has torticollis but some contributory factors could be:

Positional- this more common in breech babies or babies who were overdue.
Forceps delivery or trauma.
Repetitive patterns (i.e. attention drawn to one side continuously e.g. looking to one side continuously).

🔶Symptoms

The head tilts to one side, and the chin points to the opposite shoulder. In 75% of babies with torticollis, the muscle on the right side of the neck is affected.

Limited range of motion in the neck makes it difficult for the baby to turn their head side to side and move it up and down.

During the baby's first few weeks, a soft lump may be felt in the affected neck muscle. This lump is not painful and gradually goes away before the baby reaches 6 months of age.
One side of the face and head may flatten because the child always sleeps on one side.

⭕Physical therapy intervention⭕

🔵Forward Head Pulls

While standing next to a counter, place your right hand on the back of your head. Hold the edge of the counter with your left hand.Slowly turn your head about 45 degrees to the right and then look down. You should feel a stretch in your neck and shoulders. If you can, use your right arm to gently press down on your head to deepen the stretch. Hold for up to 40 seconds.

🔵Opposing Rotations

Stand straight and lace your fingers together behind your head. Extend your elbows outward.
Slowly turn your head in the direction opposite your torticollis. Keep your shoulders and arms still. When you feel a stretch in your neck, hold your position for thirty seconds, then release back to a neutral position. Repeat this three to five times a day.


Once you feel comfortable doing this exercise on its own, you can add resistance to it. Lie on your side with your head on a pillow, with your torticollis causing you to look up. Gently turn your head towards the pillow and push your face into it, then hold this position for thirty seconds

🔵Sideways Head Pulls

Stand next to a counter so that your torticollis causes you to lean your head towards it. Hold the counter with your nearest hand.Place your other hand on top of your head.Lean your head away from the counter, aiming your other ear towards your shoulder. You should feel a gentle stretch. Use the hand on your head to deepen the stretch. Hold this position for up to forty seconds.

🔵Visual Tracking

When lying on their back, help your baby to
look at and follow faces or toys. Slowly move the toy to the right side in order to encourage head turning. Repeat this activity while your baby is lying on their tummy or sitting with
support.

🔵Side bending

Hold your child’s LEFT shoulder down with your RIGHT hand. Place your LEFT hand on top of the LEFT side of your child’s head and slowly bend their head towards their RIGHT shoulder.
Hold for a count of 5Repeat x 3

🔵Rotation

Place your LEFT forearm against your child’s RIGHT shoulder, and cup your child’s head with the same hand. Use your RIGHT hand to hold your child’s chin. Slowly rotate your
child’s face to their LEFT.Alternatively, roll your child onto the LEFT side. Keep their interest with a toy or eye contact. Gently roll your child's body onto their back whilst keeping their head rotated to the LEFT.Hold for a count of 5Repeat x 3Alternatively, roll your child onto the LEFT side. Keep their interest with a toy or eye contact. Gently roll your child's body onto their back whilst keeping their head rotated to
the LEFT.Hold for a count of 5Repeat x 3



🔵SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexpected death of a baby from
no cause. The current recommendations for preventing SIDS are:
🔹Dos:
- Place your baby on their back to sleep from birth
- Sleep your baby with their face and head uncovered at all times
- Dress your baby in clothing appropriate for the weather
- Encourage tummy time when you baby is awake and being supervised by an
adult

🔹Don’ts:
- Never sleep your baby on their tummy or side in
any environment, even when resting on an adult’s
chest
- Never leave your baby surrounded by loose
bedding, toys or clothing
- Don’t sleep your baby on a tri-pillow (boomerang
pillow), bean bag or hammock
- Don’t expose your baby to cigarette smoke

🔵Neck Rotation During Tummy Time

When your baby is enjoying tummy time, you can work on neck rotation exercises to help with torticollis. Place their favorite toys and colorful baby-safe objects to the side of your baby, and encourage active looking towards the toys. You can also assist your baby in rotating their head by gently turning their head during tummy time.

🔵Lateral Head Tilt

When the sternocleidomastoid muscle becomes tight, the head and neck get pulled towards the tight side. To stretch this, sit with your knees bent and hold your infant on your thighs. To stretch the right side of the neck, hold your baby's right shoulder down while slowly and gently bending their head away from the shoulder. Hold for 20-30 seconds and repeat four times. Do this multiple times during the day.

🔵Cheek-to-Cheek Hold

To gently rotate your baby's neck away from the tight side, hold your baby upright against your chest and neck. Press your cheek against your child's cheek, and slowly press your cheeks together, allowing your child's head to rotate away from yours. Hold this position for 5-10 seconds, and release. Repeat five times. A mirror may be used to keep baby engaged and turning their head to one side.

🔵Side-Lying Head Lift
To have your baby actively engage their lateral neck muscles, you can try the side-lying head lift exercise. Place your baby on one side, and be sure they are supported by a rolled-up towel or blanket behind their body. Then, use engaging and age-appropriate toys to keep your baby's attention, and move the toy up away from the floor.

Your baby may naturally try to follow the toy with their eyes and head, lifting their head up sideways and engaging their lateral neck muscles. Perform this for a few minutes, and then give them a rest. (Your child may become fussy if you exercise too much with them

⛔⛔Prevention⛔⛔
Change your baby's body position often when they are awake.
Limit the time spent positioned in car carriers, swings, and strollers.
Provide ur child with supervised tummy time to strengthen neck, shoulder and back muscles.
Monitor your child for signs of neck tightness on one side, and check-in with your pediatrician if you suspect any problem with your baby.